• Photo of Clematis virginiana (Clematis virginianas)

Plant Profile: Clematis virginiana

Taxonomy: Clematis virginiana

Names

Devil's Darning Needles, Italian Clematis, Old Man's Beard, Virgin's Bower, Woodbine

  • Photo of Clematis virginiana (Clematis virginianas)

Phonetic Spelling:KLEM-ah-tiss ver-jin-ee-AY-nah

Genus:Clematis

Species:virginiana

Family:Ranunculaceae

This fast-growing vine is easy to cultivate, featuring bright green leaves and climbing by twisting its petioles. It thrives in rich, moist, well-drained soil and can adapt to full sun, partial shade, or even heavy shade, although it can also tolerate dry shade. Uniquely, it is one of the few vines that can produce flowers in significant shade. This plant is ideal for woodland or native gardens, where it can climb up supports or fences; otherwise, it may spread along the ground and potentially overtake nearby landscape shrubs. To maintain its shape and promote bushiness, it can be pruned at any point during the growing season. If it becomes too large, it can be cut back to 8 to 12 inches above the ground, targeting strong leaf buds, anytime from late fall to early spring to encourage new growth. It is capable of self-seeding and may become invasive through suckering. Interestingly, this species tends to be less appealing to deer compared to other clematis hybrids.

Clematis virginiana, a native plant of the U.S., blooms in the fall, typically from August to October. Compared to Clematis teniflora, it is smaller and requires less maintenance. The male variety does not produce seeds, unlike the female, but it is more visually striking.

In terms of pests and diseases, this plant faces no significant issues, although it can spread quite aggressively.

Clematis virginiana Feature Summary

Clematis virginiana Image Gallery

Tags

#fragrant
#hummingbirds
#white
#showy flowers
#deciduous
#poisonous
#fragrant flowers
#fall flowers
#white flowers
#wildlife plant
#nectar plant
#low maintenance
#fall interest
#fast growing
#trellises
#deer resistant
#feathery
#native garden
#autumn
#groundcover
#self-seeding
#native vine
#food source fall
#food source herbage
#coastal FAC
#Piedmont Mountains FAC
#bird friendly
#food source hard mast fruit
#arbor
#moth larvae
#problem for cats
#problem for dogs
#problem for horses
#black walnut toxicity tolerant
#audubon

Similar Plants

Clematis virginiana is often confused with:

Clematis virginiana Feature Summary

Attributes
Aboriginals and Native Americans used this plant for medicinal purposes. An extract of the stems was used as a hallucinogen. The Cherokee used an infusion combined with milkweed for backache and as an ingredient in ceremonial green corn medicine. An infusion of the root was used for stomach trouble and nerves and also for kidney problems by the Cherokee and the Iroquois. The Iroquois also used an infusion of the roots to treat venereal disease sores.
Central & E. Canada to Central & E. U.S.A.
Flowers attract hummingbirds and bees.
Perennial
Woody
Seed
Stem Cutting
Layering
Fruit
Female plants have brown plume-like feathery seed-heads that resemble an old man's beard. Fruit displays from August to October.
Brown/Copper
Flowers
Dioecious plants with fragrant 1 1/4" white flowers with four narrow sepal-like petals form in axillary panicles bloom from July to September. The blooms cover the whole plant including the foliage in many clusters arising from the leaf axils.
4-5 petals/rays
Colored Sepals
1-3 inches
Leaves
Compound trifoliate green leaves with 3-5 toothed oval to elliptic leaflets are 4 inches long and 2 inches wide. Leaf petioles are 2 inches long and act like tendrils as the vine twines up supports. Undersides have hairs along the veins.
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Elliptical
Ovate
Stem
Round to squarish stems are green to purplish with hairs
Purple/Lavender
Green
Hairy (pubescent)
Poisonous to Humans
Clematis can cause severe mouth pain and ulcers if eaten. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses. Clinical signs are salivation, vomiting, diarrhea. In humans, symptoms may include dizziness, confusion, fainting, and convulsions. Fatalities are rare, due to the rapid and intense bitter taste and mouth irritation from eating. Gastric lavage is recommended and anti-inflammatory to soothe irritated tissue. Contact dermatitis results in skin redness and burning sensation for some people, gardening gloves are recommended.
Leaves
Sap/Juice
Flowers
Whole Plant Traits
Native Plant
Poisonous
Vine
Ground Cover
Dense
Spreading
Climbing
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
High Organic Matter
Landscape
Pollinator Garden
Native Garden
Shade Garden
Screen/Privacy
Deer
Rabbits
Black Walnut
Woodland
Naturalized Area
Riparian
Vertical Spaces
Songbirds
Bees
Moths
Hummingbirds
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Weedy
Problem for Children

Clematis virginiana Attributes

Clematis virginiana: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Aboriginals and Native Americans used this plant for medicinal purposes. An extract of the stems was used as a hallucinogen. The Cherokee used an infusion combined with milkweed for backache and as an ingredient in ceremonial green corn medicine. An infusion of the root was used for stomach trouble and nerves and also for kidney problems by the Cherokee and the Iroquois. The Iroquois also used an infusion of the roots to treat venereal disease sores.

Clematis virginiana: Country Or Region Of Origin

Central & E. Canada to Central & E. U.S.A.

Clematis virginiana: Wildlife Value

Flowers attract hummingbirds and bees.

Clematis virginiana: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Clematis virginiana: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Clematis virginiana: Climbing Method

Clinging
Scrambler
Tendrils
Twining

Clematis virginiana Fruit

Clematis virginiana: Fruit Description

Female plants have brown plume-like feathery seed-heads that resemble an old man's beard. Fruit displays from August to October.

Clematis virginiana: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Clematis virginiana: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper

Clematis virginiana: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Clematis virginiana Flowers

Clematis virginiana: Flower Description

Dioecious plants with fragrant 1 1/4" white flowers with four narrow sepal-like petals form in axillary panicles bloom from July to September. The blooms cover the whole plant including the foliage in many clusters arising from the leaf axils.

Clematis virginiana: Flower Color

filter_vintage
White

Clematis virginiana: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Clematis virginiana: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Clematis virginiana: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Clematis virginiana: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Clematis virginiana: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Clematis virginiana: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Clematis virginiana Leaves

Clematis virginiana: Leaf Description

Compound trifoliate green leaves with 3-5 toothed oval to elliptic leaflets are 4 inches long and 2 inches wide. Leaf petioles are 2 inches long and act like tendrils as the vine twines up supports. Undersides have hairs along the veins.

Clematis virginiana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Clematis virginiana: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Clematis virginiana: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Clematis virginiana: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Clematis virginiana: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Clematis virginiana: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Clematis virginiana Stem

Clematis virginiana: Stem Description

Round to squarish stems are green to purplish with hairs

Clematis virginiana: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Purple/Lavender

Clematis virginiana: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Clematis virginiana: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Clematis virginiana: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Clematis virginiana Poisonous to Humans

Clematis virginiana: Poison Symptoms

Clematis can cause severe mouth pain and ulcers if eaten. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses. Clinical signs are salivation, vomiting, diarrhea. In humans, symptoms may include dizziness, confusion, fainting, and convulsions. Fatalities are rare, due to the rapid and intense bitter taste and mouth irritation from eating. Gastric lavage is recommended and anti-inflammatory to soothe irritated tissue. Contact dermatitis results in skin redness and burning sensation for some people, gardening gloves are recommended.

Clematis virginiana: Poison Toxic Principle

protoanemonin

Clematis virginiana: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Clematis virginiana: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Clematis virginiana: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Clematis virginiana Whole Plant Traits

Clematis virginiana: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Clematis virginiana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Clematis virginiana: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Clematis virginiana: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Clematis virginiana: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Clematis virginiana: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Clematis virginiana Cultural Conditions

Clematis virginiana: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Clematis virginiana: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Clematis virginiana: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Clematis virginiana: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Clematis virginiana: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Clematis virginiana: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Clematis virginiana Landscape

Clematis virginiana: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Clematis virginiana: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Clematis virginiana: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Clematis virginiana: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Clematis virginiana: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Clematis virginiana: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy