Plant Profile: Cornus foemina

Taxonomy: Cornus foemina

Names

Southern Swamp Dogwood, Stiff Dogwood

  • Photo of Cornus foemina (Cornus foeminas)

Phonetic Spelling:KOR-nus fem-min-nuh

Genus:Cornus

Species:foemina

Family:Cornaceae

Stiff dogwood is a flowering shrub or small tree known for its striking red branches, which gradually turn gray as they mature. This plant thrives in various environments, including swamps, streambanks, marshes, and upland areas, favoring moist conditions but showing resilience in drier settings as well.

Propagation can be achieved through seeds, which can be stored and sown directly without needing to be removed from the fruit. Seeds can either be planted right after harvest or stratified for spring planting.

However, it's worth noting that the flowers emit an unpleasant scent, which may deter some gardeners.

Cornus foemina Feature Summary

Cornus foemina Image Gallery

Tags

#deciduous
#small tree
#native tree
#native shrub
#flowering tree
#NC native

Similar Plants

Cornus foemina Feature Summary

Attributes
E. Central and SE U.S.A., NC
AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA
Host plant for the Summer Azure Butterfly.
Attracts Pollinators
Textural
Screening
Attractive Flowers
Wildlife Larval Host
Fruit
A two-seeded drupe replaces the spent blooms. The drupe is blue in color and 1/4" in diameter.
< 1 inch
Flowers
The white flowers form in clusters on flat-headed panicles. Each flower has 4 petals. They bloom from late spring to early summer. After blooming they are replaced by a seeded drupe.
Spring
Summer
4-5 petals/rays
1-3 inches
Leaves
The leaves are veined. The hairless upper leaf is medium to dark green. The lower leaf is lighter green in color and may have a minimal amount of hair.
Purple/Lavender
Red/Burgundy
Ovate
Lanceolate
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Bark
The trunk and larger branches have gray bark, while the smaller branches are brown. Young twigs are red. As they age, they will turn a darker reddish-brown.
Dark Gray
Light Gray
Dark Brown
Light Brown
Whole Plant Traits
Shrub
Tree
Native Plant
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
Loam (Silt)
Landscape
Flowering Tree
Butterflies

Cornus foemina Attributes

Cornus foemina: Country Or Region Of Origin

E. Central and SE U.S.A., NC

Cornus foemina: Distribution

AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA

Cornus foemina: Wildlife Value

Host plant for the Summer Azure Butterfly.

Cornus foemina: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Cornus foemina: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Cornus foemina Fruit

Cornus foemina: Fruit Description

A two-seeded drupe replaces the spent blooms. The drupe is blue in color and 1/4" in diameter.

Cornus foemina: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Cornus foemina: Fruit Color

grass
Blue

Cornus foemina: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Cornus foemina: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Cornus foemina: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Cornus foemina Flowers

Cornus foemina: Flower Description

The white flowers form in clusters on flat-headed panicles. Each flower has 4 petals. They bloom from late spring to early summer. After blooming they are replaced by a seeded drupe.

Cornus foemina: Flower Color

filter_vintage
White

Cornus foemina: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Cornus foemina: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Cornus foemina: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Cornus foemina: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Cornus foemina: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Cornus foemina Leaves

Cornus foemina: Leaf Description

The leaves are veined. The hairless upper leaf is medium to dark green. The lower leaf is lighter green in color and may have a minimal amount of hair.

Cornus foemina: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Cornus foemina: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Cornus foemina: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Purple/Lavender
spa
Red/Burgundy

Cornus foemina: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Cornus foemina: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Cornus foemina: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Cornus foemina: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Cornus foemina: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Cornus foemina: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Cornus foemina: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Cornus foemina Bark

Cornus foemina: Bark Description

The trunk and larger branches have gray bark, while the smaller branches are brown. Young twigs are red. As they age, they will turn a darker reddish-brown.

Cornus foemina: Bark Color

grass
Dark Brown
grass
Dark Gray
grass
Light Brown
grass
Light Gray

Cornus foemina Whole Plant Traits

Cornus foemina: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Cornus foemina: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Cornus foemina: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Cornus foemina Cultural Conditions

Cornus foemina: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Cornus foemina: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Cornus foemina: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Cornus foemina: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Cornus foemina: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Cornus foemina Stem

Cornus foemina: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Cornus foemina Landscape

Cornus foemina: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Cornus foemina: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees