Plant Profile: Crataegus senta

Taxonomy: Crataegus senta

Names

Beadle Hawthorn, Hawthorn, Rough Hawthorn, Thornapple

  • Photo of Crataegus senta (Crataegus sentas)

Phonetic Spelling:krah-TEE-gus sen-TUH

Genus:Crataegus

Species:senta

Family:Rosaceae

Crataegus, commonly known as Hawthorn, is a deciduous shrub or small tree belonging to the rose family, encompassing numerous species and varieties. Among them, Crataegus senta, or Rough Hawthorn, stands out as a larger native species, capable of growing up to 50 feet tall with a wide, open crown. While it is relatively rare in North Carolina, it can be located in the mountainous regions, thriving in dry pine forests, open scrub areas, and sandy plains. Characteristic of most hawthorns, the Rough Hawthorn features long, straight thorns, produces white flowers in the spring, and bears edible red fruit in the fall.

This species favors dry or sandy soil conditions.

Conservation status: G2 - Critically Imperiled.

As for health concerns, there are currently no known issues with diseases or pests affecting this plant.

Crataegus senta Feature Summary

Crataegus senta Image Gallery

Tags

#small tree
#shrub
#wildlife plant
#native tree
#moths
#nectar plant
#native shrub
#cover plant
#small mammals
#NC native
#edible fruits
#pollinator plant
#Braham Arboretum
#larval host plant
#bird friendly
#nectar plant late spring
#butterfly friendly
#nectar plant mid-spring
#pollinator garden
#non-toxic for horses
#non-toxic for dogs
#non-toxic for cats
#red-spotted purple butterfly
#gray hairstreak butterfly
#viceroy butterflies

Similar Plants

Crataegus senta Feature Summary

Attributes
The leaves, berries, and flowers are used in medicines and herbals for cardiovascular health. The wood is strong, tough, and heavy, but has little commercial value.
South Eastern United States
N. America: AL, GA, FL, LA, NC, SC
Important nectar flower for insects and other pollinators; food plant of many moths including the eggar moth; haws provide winter fruit for songbirds. It is a larval host plant for Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax), and Viceroy (Limenitis archippus). Red-spotted Purple and Viceroy rarely use this host plant in North Carolina. Good nesting habitat with thorns providing protection from predators
Fruit is edible.
Edible fruit
Wildlife Food Source
Attracts Pollinators
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Fruit
Small deep red pome with 3-5 pyrenes that resemble the “stones” in related plums, peaches, etc. Sometimes called the ‘haw’.
Red/Burgundy
Flowers
Inflorescense 3 to 7 flowered. Blooms from April to May. Initial unpleasant odor that attracts midges for pollination.
< 1 inch
Leaves
Spirally arranged on long shoots, roughly pubescent; petiole approx. 30-40% blade; cuneate with 1-2 well-defined lobes per side distally, margins crenate to serrate almost to base.
Ovate
Cuneate
Serrate
Crenate
Bark
Thorns on branches straight to slightly recurved; new growth pubescent turning purplish brown to red; bark smooth and gray, fissuring with scales as the tree ages.
Dark Gray
Light Gray
Scaly
Smooth
Fissured
Whole Plant Traits
Shrub
Tree
Native Plant
Multi-stemmed
Dense
Broad
Cultural Conditions
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Occasionally Dry
Mountains
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Hedge
Flowering Tree
Barrier
Drought
Pollution
Dry Soil
Naturalized Area
Slope/Bank
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Small Mammals

Crataegus senta Attributes

Crataegus senta: Uses (Ethnobotany)

The leaves, berries, and flowers are used in medicines and herbals for cardiovascular health. The wood is strong, tough, and heavy, but has little commercial value.

Crataegus senta: Country Or Region Of Origin

South Eastern United States

Crataegus senta: Distribution

N. America: AL, GA, FL, LA, NC, SC

Crataegus senta: Wildlife Value

Important nectar flower for insects and other pollinators; food plant of many moths including the eggar moth; haws provide winter fruit for songbirds. It is a larval host plant for Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax), and Viceroy (Limenitis archippus). Red-spotted Purple and Viceroy rarely use this host plant in North Carolina. Good nesting habitat with thorns providing protection from predators

Crataegus senta: Edibility

Fruit is edible.

Crataegus senta: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Crataegus senta: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Crataegus senta: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Crataegus senta Fruit

Crataegus senta: Fruit Description

Small deep red pome with 3-5 pyrenes that resemble the “stones” in related plums, peaches, etc. Sometimes called the ‘haw’.

Crataegus senta: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Crataegus senta: Fruit Color

grass
Red/Burgundy

Crataegus senta: Fruit Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Crataegus senta: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Crataegus senta Flowers

Crataegus senta: Flower Description

Inflorescense 3 to 7 flowered. Blooms from April to May. Initial unpleasant odor that attracts midges for pollination.

Crataegus senta: Flower Color

filter_vintage
White

Crataegus senta: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Crataegus senta: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Crataegus senta: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Crataegus senta: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Crataegus senta Leaves

Crataegus senta: Leaf Description

Spirally arranged on long shoots, roughly pubescent; petiole approx. 30-40% blade; cuneate with 1-2 well-defined lobes per side distally, margins crenate to serrate almost to base.

Crataegus senta: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Crataegus senta: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Crataegus senta: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Crataegus senta: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Crataegus senta: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Crataegus senta: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Crataegus senta: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Crataegus senta Bark

Crataegus senta: Bark Description

Thorns on branches straight to slightly recurved; new growth pubescent turning purplish brown to red; bark smooth and gray, fissuring with scales as the tree ages.

Crataegus senta: Bark Color

grass
Dark Gray
grass
Light Gray

Crataegus senta: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Crataegus senta Whole Plant Traits

Crataegus senta: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Crataegus senta: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Crataegus senta: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Crataegus senta: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Crataegus senta: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Crataegus senta: Appendage

Prickles
Spines
Tendrils
Thorns

Crataegus senta Cultural Conditions

Crataegus senta: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Crataegus senta: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Crataegus senta: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Crataegus senta: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Crataegus senta: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Crataegus senta Stem

Crataegus senta: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Crataegus senta Landscape

Crataegus senta: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Crataegus senta: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Crataegus senta: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Crataegus senta: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Crataegus senta: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees