• Photo of Trillium pusillum (Trillium pusillums)

Plant Profile: Trillium pusillum

Taxonomy: Trillium pusillum

Names

Carolina Least Trillium, Dwarf Wakerobin, Dwarf White Flowering Trillum, Least Trillium

  • Photo of Trillium pusillum (Trillium pusillums)

Phonetic Spelling:TRIL-ee-um pus-ILL-um

Genus:Trillium

Species:pusillum

Family:Melanthiaceae

Dwarf Wakerobin, recognized as the smallest member of the trillium family, boasts several varieties found throughout the southeastern and central regions of the United States. In North Carolina, three specific varieties—v. ozarkanum, v. virginianum, and v. pusillum—are classified as endangered, with v. pusillum also designated as Federally Endangered.

These plants produce flowers that begin as white and gradually transition to pale pink or lavender during the spring season. They thrive in moist, humus-rich, acidic soils and prefer environments that offer partial to full shade. When left undisturbed, Dwarf Wakerobins can spread and form colonies through their rhizomes.

In terms of pests and diseases, Dwarf Wakerobin faces minimal threats. Occasionally, slugs and snails may pose a nuisance, and issues such as leaf spot, rust, and smut can arise. However, it is important to note that these plants do not transplant easily.

Trillium pusillum Feature Summary

Trillium pusillum Image Gallery

Tags

#fragrant
#white
#showy flowers
#fragrant flowers
#perennial
#white flowers
#pink flowers
#partial sun
#moths
#shade tolerant
#native perennial
#shade garden
#spring flowers
#slopes
#berries
#stream banks
#small mammals
#moist soil
#food source
#herbaceous
#well-drained soil
#perennial flowers
#white berries
#small and large mammals
#swamps
#herbaceous perennial
#native garden
#small flowers
#mountains
#rich soil
#small plant
#forests
#coastal plants
#colonies
#summer interest
#cutting garden
#spring interest
#acidic soil tolerant
#pollinator plant
#native wildflower
#wildflower garden
#naturalized area
#late spring flowers
#early spring flowers
#larval host plant
#fruits summer
#food source summer
#forb
#food source herbage
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#Coastal FACW
#Piedmont Mountains FACW
#white fruits
#small group plantings
#fruits
#native
#perennials
#dry soils tolerant
#mammals
#food source soft mast fruit
#moth larvae
#insects
#food source mid-summer
#partial shade tolerant
#HS302
#pink
#shade flowers
#bee friendly
#audubon
#woodlands
#heavy shade tolerant

Similar Plants

Trillium pusillum Feature Summary

Attributes
Trilliums have been used in herbal medicine.
Southeastern and south-central United States
AL , AR , GA , KY , MD , MO , MS , NC , OK , SC , TN , VA , WV
Bees and other pollinating insects enjoy the nectar from the flowers. Moths use this plant as a larval host. Small mammals enjoy the berries as a food source.
EDIBLE PARTS: Young, unfolding leaves HARVEST TIME: Only collect leaves from areas you know have NOT been treated with pesticides. SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES: Wash leaves in warm water to remove dirt and debris. Do not use dish detergent or any type of sanitizer. These products can leave a residue. Cook in boiling, salted water for ten minutes and serve like greens. SOURCE: Crowhurst, A. 1972. The Weed Cookbook. Lancer Books, Inc. New York, 190 pp.
Perennial
Fragrance
Wildlife Food Source
Attracts Pollinators
Attractive Flowers
Wildlife Larval Host
Fruit
6-parted berry-like capsule with seeds that are dispersed by ants. In North Carolina, the white fruits are available from June to July.
Capsule
Berry
< 1 inch
Flowers
Up to 1 in. long 3 wavy petaled flowers on a short to long-stalk. In North Carolina, flowers are available from March to May. White aging to pinkish in color with a white ovary and six stamens tipped with lavender or yellow anthers
Pink
Purple/Lavender
White
2-3 rays/petals
1-3 inches
Leaves
Whorl of three small (usually less than 3 in.), narrow, oblong lance-shaped leaves that are actually bracts.
Oblong
Lanceolate
1-3 inches
Stem
Unbranched green to dark red stems
Green
Red/Burgundy
Smooth (glabrous)
Straight
Poisonous to Humans
Toxicity unknown, but caution because of its relationship with known toxic plants.
Fruits
Roots
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Herbaceous Perennial
Native Plant
Poisonous
Wildflower
Erect
Spreading
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Acid (<6.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Less than 12 inches
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
High Organic Matter
Landscape
Pollinator Garden
Native Garden
Mass Planting
Small groups
Woodland
Naturalized Area
Pollinators
Bees
Moths
Small Mammals

Trillium pusillum Attributes

Trillium pusillum: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Trilliums have been used in herbal medicine.

Trillium pusillum: Country Or Region Of Origin

Southeastern and south-central United States

Trillium pusillum: Distribution

AL , AR , GA , KY , MD , MO , MS , NC , OK , SC , TN , VA , WV

Trillium pusillum: Wildlife Value

Bees and other pollinating insects enjoy the nectar from the flowers. Moths use this plant as a larval host. Small mammals enjoy the berries as a food source.

Trillium pusillum: Edibility

EDIBLE PARTS: Young, unfolding leaves HARVEST TIME: Only collect leaves from areas you know have NOT been treated with pesticides. SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES: Wash leaves in warm water to remove dirt and debris. Do not use dish detergent or any type of sanitizer. These products can leave a residue. Cook in boiling, salted water for ten minutes and serve like greens. SOURCE: Crowhurst, A. 1972. The Weed Cookbook. Lancer Books, Inc. New York, 190 pp.

Trillium pusillum: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Trillium pusillum: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Trillium pusillum: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Trillium pusillum Fruit

Trillium pusillum: Fruit Description

6-parted berry-like capsule with seeds that are dispersed by ants. In North Carolina, the white fruits are available from June to July.

Trillium pusillum: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Trillium pusillum: Fruit Color

grass
White

Trillium pusillum: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Trillium pusillum: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Trillium pusillum: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Trillium pusillum Flowers

Trillium pusillum: Flower Description

Up to 1 in. long 3 wavy petaled flowers on a short to long-stalk. In North Carolina, flowers are available from March to May. White aging to pinkish in color with a white ovary and six stamens tipped with lavender or yellow anthers

Trillium pusillum: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Pink
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender
filter_vintage
White

Trillium pusillum: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Trillium pusillum: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Trillium pusillum: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Trillium pusillum: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Trillium pusillum: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Trillium pusillum Leaves

Trillium pusillum: Leaf Description

Whorl of three small (usually less than 3 in.), narrow, oblong lance-shaped leaves that are actually bracts.

Trillium pusillum: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Trillium pusillum: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Trillium pusillum: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Trillium pusillum: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Trillium pusillum: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Trillium pusillum: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Trillium pusillum: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Trillium pusillum Stem

Trillium pusillum: Stem Description

Unbranched green to dark red stems

Trillium pusillum: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy

Trillium pusillum: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Trillium pusillum: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Trillium pusillum: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Trillium pusillum: Stem Form

Straight
Zig Zags

Trillium pusillum Poisonous to Humans

Trillium pusillum: Poison Symptoms

Unknown

Trillium pusillum: Poison Toxic Principle

Toxicity unknown, but caution because of its relationship with known toxic plants.

Trillium pusillum: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Trillium pusillum: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Trillium pusillum: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Trillium pusillum Whole Plant Traits

Trillium pusillum: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Trillium pusillum: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Trillium pusillum: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Trillium pusillum: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Trillium pusillum: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Trillium pusillum Cultural Conditions

Trillium pusillum: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Trillium pusillum: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Trillium pusillum: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Trillium pusillum: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Trillium pusillum: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Trillium pusillum: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Trillium pusillum: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Trillium pusillum Landscape

Trillium pusillum: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Trillium pusillum: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Trillium pusillum: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Trillium pusillum: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees