Division of Natural Sciences, Bethel College, 1001 W. McKinley Ave., Mishawaka, IN 46545
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Expert:
Alfred L. Gardner
Notes:
Curator of North American mammals and Chief of Mammal Section, National Biological Service, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Source(s):
Source:
NODC Taxonomic Code
Acquired:
1996-07-29
Notes:
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Source:
List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies
Acquired:
2019-04-16
Notes:
Committee on Taxonomy. 2018. List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Society for Marine Mammalogy, www.marinemammalscience.org, consulted on 8 October 2019
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Publication(s):
Author(s)/Editor(s):
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner
Publication Date (Listed/Actual):
1987-01-01 / 1987-01-01
Article/Chapter Title:
Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.:
Resource Publication, no. 166
Page(s):
79
Publisher:
United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service
Publication Place:
Washington, D.C., USA
ISBN/ISSN:
/
Notes:
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Author(s)/Editor(s):
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole
Publication Date (Listed/Actual):
2000-01-01 / 2000-01-01
Article/Chapter Title:
Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.:
Common Names of Mammals of the World
Page(s):
xiv + 204
Publisher:
Smithsonian Institution Press
Publication Place:
Washington, DC, USA
ISBN/ISSN:
1-56098-383-3/
Notes:
With contributions by Bernadette N. Graham, Adam P. Potter, and Mariana M. Upmeyer
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Author(s)/Editor(s):
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds.
Publication Date (Listed/Actual):
1992-01-01 / 1993-01-01
Article/Chapter Title:
Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
Page(s):
xviii + 1207
Publisher:
Smithsonian Institution Press
Publication Place:
Washington, DC, USA
ISBN/ISSN:
1-56098-217-9/
Notes:
Corrections were made to text at 3rd printing
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Author(s)/Editor(s):
Rice, Dale W.
Publication Date (Listed/Actual):
1998-01-01 / 1998-01-01
Article/Chapter Title:
Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution
Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.:
Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4
Page(s):
ix + 231
Publisher:
The Society for Marine Mammalogy
Publication Place:
Lawrence, Kansas, USA
ISBN/ISSN:
1-891276-03-4/
Notes:
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Author(s)/Editor(s):
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds.
Publication Date (Listed/Actual):
2005-10-01 / 2005-10-01
Article/Chapter Title:
Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
Page(s):
2142
Publisher:
Johns Hopkins University Press
Publication Place:
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
ISBN/ISSN:
0-8018-8221-4/
Notes:
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Author(s)/Editor(s):
Würsig, Bernd, J. G. M. Thewissen, and Kit M. Kovacs, eds.
Publication Date (Listed/Actual):
2018-01-01 / 2018-01-01
Article/Chapter Title:
Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.:
Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 3rd edition
Page(s):
xxxi + 1157
Publisher:
Elsevier
Publication Place:
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
ISBN/ISSN:
978-0-12-8043271/
Notes:
Reference for:
Phoca vitulina
Phoca vitulina: Geographic Information
Geographic Division:
East Pacific
Jurisdiction/Origin:
Alaska / Native
Phoca vitulina: Comments
Comment:
Status: IUCN - Data Deficient as P. v. mellonae, otherwise Lower Risk (lc)
Comment:
Comments: The position of stegjnegeri remains uncertain; Scheffer (1958) placed it in largha; J. E. King (1983) placed it in vitulina; and Shaughnessy and Fay (1977) suggested incertae sedis. Reviewed by Shaughnessy and Fay (1977), Burns et al. (1984), and Smith et al. (1994). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Rice (1998)