• Photo of Acorus calamus (Acorus calamuss)

Plant Profile: Acorus calamus

Taxonomy: Acorus calamus

Names

Sweet Flag

  • Photo of Acorus calamus (Acorus calamuss)

Phonetic Spelling:AH-kor-us KAL-ah-mus

Genus:Acorus

Species:calamus

Family:Acoraceae

This plant thrives in consistently wet environments, ideally with water levels ranging from 2 to 3 inches deep. To prevent unwanted spreading, it's best to plant the rhizomes just below the surface at the water's edge or in containers. It benefits from afternoon shade, particularly during the hot summers in southern regions. When the leaves and rhizomes are crushed, they emit a sweet fragrance, which is the origin of its common name. While primarily cultivated as an accent or specimen plant in ponds or water gardens, it can also be found in low-lying areas, naturalized settings, or woodlands, provided that the soil remains adequately moist.

Regarding pests, diseases, and other issues: there are no significant concerns. However, leaf scorch may occur if the soil is not kept consistently moist.

Acorus calamus Feature Summary

Acorus calamus Image Gallery

Tags

#water garden
#rain garden
#shade tolerant
#fragrant leaves
#erosion control
#water plant
#wet sites
#fragrant roots
#naturalizes
#bog gardens
#heavy shade tolerant
#container plants

Similar Plants

Acorus calamus is often confused with:

Acorus calamus Feature Summary

Attributes
North America, particularly NE and Central
Flowers
Late spring, not showy, greenish flowers appear in elongated spadixes 2-4" without showy spathes.
Insignificant
Green
Leaves
Iris-like sword-shaped leaves 3/4" wide growing in basal clumps and reaching more than 30" tall. One margin of the leaf is wavy and it has a prominent mid-rib. Sweet fragrance when bruised.
Linear
Lanceolate
> 6 inches
< 1 inch
Whole Plant Traits
Herbaceous Perennial
Tree
Water Plant
Spreading
Clumping
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Occasionally Wet
Frequent Standing Water
Less than 12 inches
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
10a
10b
Landscape
Rain Garden
Water Garden
Mass Planting
Specimen
Wet Soil
Erosion
Heavy Shade
Container
Woodland
Naturalized Area
Riparian

Acorus calamus Attributes

Acorus calamus: Country Or Region Of Origin

Europe

Acorus calamus: Distribution

North America, particularly NE and Central

Acorus calamus Fruit

Acorus calamus: Fruit Description

Fleshy

Acorus calamus: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Acorus calamus Flowers

Acorus calamus: Flower Description

Late spring, not showy, greenish flowers appear in elongated spadixes 2-4" without showy spathes.

Acorus calamus: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Green
filter_vintage
Insignificant

Acorus calamus: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Acorus calamus: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Acorus calamus Leaves

Acorus calamus: Leaf Description

Iris-like sword-shaped leaves 3/4" wide growing in basal clumps and reaching more than 30" tall. One margin of the leaf is wavy and it has a prominent mid-rib. Sweet fragrance when bruised.

Acorus calamus: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Acorus calamus: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Acorus calamus: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Acorus calamus: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Acorus calamus: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Acorus calamus: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Acorus calamus: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Acorus calamus: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Acorus calamus: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Acorus calamus Whole Plant Traits

Acorus calamus: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Acorus calamus: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Acorus calamus: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Acorus calamus: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Acorus calamus Cultural Conditions

Acorus calamus: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Acorus calamus: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Acorus calamus: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Acorus calamus: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
10a
thermostat
10b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Acorus calamus Stem

Acorus calamus: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Acorus calamus Landscape

Acorus calamus: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Acorus calamus: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Acorus calamus: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Acorus calamus: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Acorus calamus: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy