• Photo of Actaea podocarpa (Actaea podocarpas)

Plant Profile: Actaea podocarpa

Taxonomy: Actaea podocarpa

Names

American Bugbane, Black Snakeroot, Bugbane, Mountain Bugbane

  • Photo of Actaea podocarpa (Actaea podocarpas)

Phonetic Spelling:ak-TEE-uh poh-doh-KAR-puh

Genus:actaea

Species:podocarpa

Family:Ranunculaceae

Bugbane is a wildflower indigenous to the damp woodlands of the Appalachian Mountains. It typically reaches heights of 3 to 8 feet and can spread up to 2 feet wide. In late summer through fall, it produces striking one-foot spikes of white, bottle-brush-like flowers atop 5 to 6-foot stems, which emit a peculiar scent to attract flies for pollination. The plant's fern-like leaves remain visually appealing throughout the growing season, although they may scorch if the soil dries out. Establishing Bugbane can be a slow process, often taking up to three years.

This plant thrives in rich, moist soils and prefers partial to full shade. It is best planted in small clusters within a woodland environment and should be shielded from strong winds.

In terms of care, the tall flower stalks may require staking to support their height.

For further details on Actaea, additional resources are available.

Actaea podocarpa Feature Summary

Actaea podocarpa Image Gallery

Tags

#rabbit resistant
#herb garden
#NC native
#deer resistant
#herbaceous perennial
#native wildflower
#wildflower garden

Similar Plants

Actaea podocarpa is often confused with:

Actaea podocarpa Feature Summary

Attributes
Eastern North america
GA, IL, KY, NC, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV
Host to Celastrina neglecta major (Appalachian Azure). Deer and rabbit resistant.
Perennial
Attracts Pollinators
Textural
Attractive Flowers
Fruit
1/3 inch long follicle has a short curved beak that splits open to release several seeds.
Follicle
< 1 inch
Flowers
Up to 1 ft tall slender racemes of tiny white flowers consisting of about 24 stamens, a single pistil, and no petals. The flower stems can grow to be 5-6' above the foliage. They have a strong foul odor that attracts flies for pollination. Individual flowers are 2/3 inch across. Blooms August to September.
White
Gold/Yellow
Red/Burgundy
Green
1-3 inches
Leaves
Deep green, deeply cut foliage with 2-3 ternate leaves, each with 3 coarsely toothed leaflets that are 4 inches long and 3 inches across. The foliage has a ferny appearance.
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Ovate
Oblong
Lanceolate
Serrate
Dentate
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Whole Plant Traits
Native Plant
Wildflower
Cultural Conditions
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Acid (<6.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Wet
Mountains
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
3a
3b
9a
9b
High Organic Matter
Landscape
Cottage Garden
Native Garden
Shade Garden
Border
Mass Planting
Accent
Small groups
Specimen
Patio
Woodland
Naturalized Area

Actaea podocarpa Attributes

Actaea podocarpa: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern North america

Actaea podocarpa: Distribution

GA, IL, KY, NC, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV

Actaea podocarpa: Wildlife Value

Host to Celastrina neglecta major (Appalachian Azure). Deer and rabbit resistant.

Actaea podocarpa: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Actaea podocarpa: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Actaea podocarpa Fruit

Actaea podocarpa: Fruit Description

1/3 inch long follicle has a short curved beak that splits open to release several seeds.

Actaea podocarpa: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Actaea podocarpa: Fruit Color

grass
Green

Actaea podocarpa: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Actaea podocarpa: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Actaea podocarpa Flowers

Actaea podocarpa: Flower Description

Up to 1 ft tall slender racemes of tiny white flowers consisting of about 24 stamens, a single pistil, and no petals. The flower stems can grow to be 5-6' above the foliage. They have a strong foul odor that attracts flies for pollination. Individual flowers are 2/3 inch across. Blooms August to September.

Actaea podocarpa: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Green
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy
filter_vintage
White

Actaea podocarpa: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Actaea podocarpa: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Actaea podocarpa: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Actaea podocarpa: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Actaea podocarpa: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Actaea podocarpa Leaves

Actaea podocarpa: Leaf Description

Deep green, deeply cut foliage with 2-3 ternate leaves, each with 3 coarsely toothed leaflets that are 4 inches long and 3 inches across. The foliage has a ferny appearance.

Actaea podocarpa: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Actaea podocarpa: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Actaea podocarpa: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Actaea podocarpa: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Actaea podocarpa: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Actaea podocarpa: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Actaea podocarpa: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Actaea podocarpa: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Actaea podocarpa: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Actaea podocarpa Stem

Actaea podocarpa: Stem Description

Branched stems

Actaea podocarpa: Stem Color

grass
Green

Actaea podocarpa: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Actaea podocarpa: Stem Form

Straight
Zig Zags

Actaea podocarpa Whole Plant Traits

Actaea podocarpa: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Actaea podocarpa: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Actaea podocarpa: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Actaea podocarpa Cultural Conditions

Actaea podocarpa: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Actaea podocarpa: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Actaea podocarpa: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Actaea podocarpa: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Actaea podocarpa: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Actaea podocarpa: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Actaea podocarpa Landscape

Actaea podocarpa: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Actaea podocarpa: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Actaea podocarpa: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Actaea podocarpa: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland