• Photo of Campanula americana (Campanula americanas)

Plant Profile: Campanula americana

Taxonomy: Campanula americana

Names

American Bellflower, Bellflower, Tall Bellflower

  • Photo of Campanula americana (Campanula americanas)

Phonetic Spelling:kam-PAN-yoo-luh a-mer-ih-KAY-nah

Genus:Campanula

Species:americana

Family:Campanulaceae

Campanula americana, commonly known as American Bellflower, is a wildflower that can be either annual or biennial. It thrives in the moist, open woodlands, meadows, streambanks, and ditches found in the shaded regions of eastern North America. For optimal growth, this plant prefers rich, moist, and well-drained soil, ideally in partial shade. While it can endure more sunlight in cooler summer climates, it favors afternoon shade in hotter areas. This bellflower is known for its ability to reseed itself easily, making it an excellent choice for naturalizing in gardens. Additionally, it attracts a variety of pollinators, including numerous species of bees, wasps, butterflies, and hummingbirds, all of which come to feed on its nectar and pollen.

Campanula americana Feature Summary

Campanula americana Image Gallery

Tags

#purple
#hummingbirds
#showy flowers
#rain garden
#annual
#blue
#lavender
#biennial
#wildlife plant
#partial sun
#shade tolerant
#nectar plant
#shade garden
#riparian
#fall interest
#mass planting
#stream banks
#moist soil
#NC native
#well-drained soil
#summer flowers
#herbaceous perennial
#rich soil
#star shaped flowers
#naturalizes
#self-seeding
#pollinator plant
#native wildflower
#wildflower garden
#food source fall
#taproot
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#coastal FAC
#FACU Piedmont Mountains
#bee friendly
#audubon
#meadows
#woodlands

Similar Plants

Campanula americana Feature Summary

Attributes
E. Canada to N. Central & E. U.S.A
AL , AR , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MD , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , NE , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , SD , TN , VA , WI , WV Canada: NB
Long-tongued bees are the primary pollinators, including bumblebees and leaf-cutting bees (Megachilidae), including the specialized bees Megachile campanulae and Colletes brevicornis. Other pollinators are Halictid bees, butterflies, and skippers. These insects seek nectar, and some of the bees collect pollen from the anthers.
Perennial
Annual
Biennial
Fruit
Capsules 5-12 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, obconic, 3-locular, erect or ascending, dehiscing by 3 round pores near the tip; seeds 0.8-1.2 mm long, 0.8-1.0 mm wide, flattened, often with a thin, winglike margin. Displays from August to October
Brown/Copper
< 1 inch
Flowers
The upper portion of the stem is lined with showy, lavender-blue, five-petaled flowers with a white ring at the throat. Radially symmetrical, light blue to violet flowers borne singly or in clusters in axils of upper leaves and forming an elongated, spike-like cluster. Blooms from June to September
Purple/Lavender
Blue
4-5 petals/rays
Cup
Bell
Star
1-3 inches
Leaves
Scattered, lance-shaped to narrowly egg-shaped, toothed leaves; 3-6 in. long; most leaves taper at the base to a short stalk; stem may be hairy
Elliptical
Ovate
Lanceolate
Obovate
Serrate
Crenate
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Stem
Erect to 6', simple or sparsely branched, sometimes ridged, with milky sap, hollow, glabrous or occasionally hairy toward tips.
Hairy (pubescent)
Straight
Whole Plant Traits
Annual
Herbaceous Perennial
Erect
Clumping
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Wet
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
High Organic Matter
Landscape
Rain Garden
Native Garden
Shade Garden
Mass Planting
Woodland
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Riparian
Pollinators
Bees
Hummingbirds

Campanula americana Attributes

Campanula americana: Country Or Region Of Origin

E. Canada to N. Central & E. U.S.A

Campanula americana: Distribution

AL , AR , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MD , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , NE , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , SD , TN , VA , WI , WV Canada: NB

Campanula americana: Wildlife Value

Long-tongued bees are the primary pollinators, including bumblebees and leaf-cutting bees (Megachilidae), including the specialized bees Megachile campanulae and Colletes brevicornis. Other pollinators are Halictid bees, butterflies, and skippers. These insects seek nectar, and some of the bees collect pollen from the anthers.

Campanula americana: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Campanula americana: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Campanula americana Fruit

Campanula americana: Fruit Description

Capsules 5-12 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, obconic, 3-locular, erect or ascending, dehiscing by 3 round pores near the tip; seeds 0.8-1.2 mm long, 0.8-1.0 mm wide, flattened, often with a thin, winglike margin. Displays from August to October

Campanula americana: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Campanula americana: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper

Campanula americana: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Campanula americana: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Campanula americana: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Campanula americana Flowers

Campanula americana: Flower Description

The upper portion of the stem is lined with showy, lavender-blue, five-petaled flowers with a white ring at the throat. Radially symmetrical, light blue to violet flowers borne singly or in clusters in axils of upper leaves and forming an elongated, spike-like cluster. Blooms from June to September

Campanula americana: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Blue
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender

Campanula americana: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Campanula americana: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Campanula americana: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Campanula americana: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Campanula americana: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Campanula americana: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Campanula americana Leaves

Campanula americana: Leaf Description

Scattered, lance-shaped to narrowly egg-shaped, toothed leaves; 3-6 in. long; most leaves taper at the base to a short stalk; stem may be hairy

Campanula americana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Campanula americana: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Campanula americana: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Campanula americana: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Campanula americana: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Campanula americana: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Campanula americana: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Campanula americana: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Campanula americana: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Campanula americana: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Campanula americana: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Campanula americana Stem

Campanula americana: Stem Description

Erect to 6', simple or sparsely branched, sometimes ridged, with milky sap, hollow, glabrous or occasionally hairy toward tips.

Campanula americana: Stem Color

grass
Green

Campanula americana: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Campanula americana: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Campanula americana: Stem Form

Straight
Zig Zags

Campanula americana Whole Plant Traits

Campanula americana: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Campanula americana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Campanula americana: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Campanula americana: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Campanula americana: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Campanula americana Cultural Conditions

Campanula americana: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Campanula americana: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Campanula americana: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Campanula americana: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Campanula americana: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Campanula americana: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Campanula americana: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Campanula americana Landscape

Campanula americana: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Campanula americana: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Campanula americana: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Campanula americana: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees