• Photo of Verbena canadensis (Verbena canadensiss)

Plant Profile: Verbena canadensis

Taxonomy: Verbena canadensis

Names

Clump Verbena, Rosa Verbena, Rose Vervain

  • Photo of Verbena canadensis (Verbena canadensiss)

Phonetic Spelling:ver-BEE-nah ka-nah-DEN-sis

Genus:Verbena

Species:canadensis

Family:Verbenaceae

Rose Verbena is a herbaceous perennial that originates from North Carolina and can be found extending from Virginia down to Florida. In its natural habitat, it thrives along roadsides, in sandy hills, and other dry, particularly sandy soils. This plant forms a low-growing mound that spreads across the ground and roots at various nodes. Its vibrant blooms appear in clusters, showcasing numerous small flowers that range in color from rose-pink to purple. These flowers are visible from spring through fall, and regular deadheading can help maintain a compact and appealing appearance. In northern regions, it can be cultivated as an annual. Rose Verbena is resilient to drought and salt but may be susceptible to damage from deer. Although it is a short-lived perennial, it has the ability to self-seed under suitable conditions.

For optimal growth, plant Rose Verbena in well-drained soil with full sun exposure. It works well as ground cover, in rock gardens, in containers, or at the front of flower borders, providing vibrant color throughout the seasons.

Various cultivars and hybrids are available in shades of pink, purple, red, and white, though finding the original species in the market may prove challenging.

Wildlife Value: The flowers are particularly appealing to butterflies.

Quick Identification:

Verbena canadensis Feature Summary

Verbena canadensis Image Gallery

Tags

#purple
#food source summer
#herbaceous perennial
#NC Native Pollinator Plant
#food source nectar
#cpp
#fruits early fall
#sandhills
#food source mid-summer
#perennial
#wildflower garden
#deciduous
#summer flowers
#sandy soil
#forb
#fruits summer
#food source
#cottage garden
#bird friendly
#cottage
#cutting garden
#perennial flowers
#purple flowers
#herbaceous
#songbirds
#pink flowers
#dry soils tolerant
#rock gardens
#food source fall
#well-drained soil
#NC native
#evergreen
#fantz
#full sun tolerant
#hummingbirds
#fruits
#deer browsing plant
#pollinator plant
#native wildflower
#native
#food source hard mast fruit
#blue flowers
#small plant
#native perennial
#lavender
#partial shade tolerant
#fall fruits
#small group plantings
#semi-evergreen
#lavender flowers
#butterfly friendly
#sandy soils tolerant
#spring interest
#native groundcover
#salt tolerant
#partial sun
#heat tolerant
#audubon
#drought tolerant
#short lifespan
#native garden
#wildlife plant
#showy flowers
#moist soil
#fall interest
#summer interest
#perennials
#pink
#groundcover
#spring flowers

Similar Plants

Verbena canadensis is often confused with:

Verbena canadensis Feature Summary

Attributes
AL , AR , CO , CT , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , NE , NM , OH , OK , PA , SC , TN , TX , VA , WI , WV
Nectar from the flowers attracts butterflies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators. Birds enjoy the fruits as a food source.
Perennial
Wildlife Food Source
Attracts Pollinators
Colorful
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Attractive Flowers
Fruit
4 nutlets per flower appear after bloom time. In North Carolina, fruits are available from July to September.
Flowers
A dome-shaped cluster of 10-25 flowers up to 2½" across is produced at the apex of each spike. Each flower is about ¾" long and ½" across. Blooms April to Sept. in NC.
Pink
Purple/Lavender
Showy
Long Bloom Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
4-5 petals/rays
< 1 inch
Leaves
The leaves are 2–4" long and ¾–3" across, becoming more narrow and slightly shorter as they ascend the stems. The leaves are often deeply to moderately divided into 3 primary lobes which are then divided into smaller secondary lobes with coarse teeth.
Deciduous
Semi-evergreen
Lanceolate
Obovate
Lobed
Dentate
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Stem
Stems creep along the surface, turned upward at ends; lateral branches ascending.
Purple/Lavender
Green
Hairy (pubescent)
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Herbaceous Perennial
Native Plant
Wildflower
Ground Cover
Deciduous
Semi-evergreen
Mounding
Spreading
Horizontal
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
10a
10b
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Rock Garden
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Cottage Garden
Native Garden
Border
Mass Planting
Drought
Heat
Humidity
Salt
Container
Naturalized Area
Slope/Bank
Coastal
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Hummingbirds
Short-lived

Verbena canadensis Attributes

Verbena canadensis: Country Or Region Of Origin

North America

Verbena canadensis: Distribution

AL , AR , CO , CT , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , NE , NM , OH , OK , PA , SC , TN , TX , VA , WI , WV

Verbena canadensis: Wildlife Value

Nectar from the flowers attracts butterflies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators. Birds enjoy the fruits as a food source.

Verbena canadensis: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Verbena canadensis: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Verbena canadensis: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Verbena canadensis Fruit

Verbena canadensis: Fruit Description

4 nutlets per flower appear after bloom time. In North Carolina, fruits are available from July to September.

Verbena canadensis: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Verbena canadensis: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Verbena canadensis Flowers

Verbena canadensis: Flower Description

A dome-shaped cluster of 10-25 flowers up to 2½" across is produced at the apex of each spike. Each flower is about ¾" long and ½" across. Blooms April to Sept. in NC.

Verbena canadensis: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Pink
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender

Verbena canadensis: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Verbena canadensis: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Verbena canadensis: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Verbena canadensis: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Verbena canadensis: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Verbena canadensis Leaves

Verbena canadensis: Leaf Description

The leaves are 2–4" long and ¾–3" across, becoming more narrow and slightly shorter as they ascend the stems. The leaves are often deeply to moderately divided into 3 primary lobes which are then divided into smaller secondary lobes with coarse teeth.

Verbena canadensis: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Verbena canadensis: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Verbena canadensis: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Verbena canadensis: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Verbena canadensis: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Verbena canadensis: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Verbena canadensis: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Verbena canadensis: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Verbena canadensis: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Verbena canadensis Stem

Verbena canadensis: Stem Description

Stems creep along the surface, turned upward at ends; lateral branches ascending.

Verbena canadensis: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Purple/Lavender

Verbena canadensis: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Verbena canadensis: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Verbena canadensis Whole Plant Traits

Verbena canadensis: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Verbena canadensis: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Verbena canadensis: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Verbena canadensis: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Verbena canadensis: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Verbena canadensis: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Verbena canadensis Cultural Conditions

Verbena canadensis: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Verbena canadensis: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Verbena canadensis: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Verbena canadensis: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Verbena canadensis: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
10a
thermostat
10b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Verbena canadensis: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Verbena canadensis Landscape

Verbena canadensis: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Verbena canadensis: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Verbena canadensis: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Verbena canadensis: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Verbena canadensis: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Verbena canadensis: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy