• Photo of Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnus angustifolias)

Plant Profile: Elaeagnus angustifolia

Taxonomy: Elaeagnus angustifolia

Names

Russian Olive, Russian-olive

  • Photo of Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnus angustifolias)

Phonetic Spelling:el-ee-AG-nus an-gus-tee-FOH-lee-uh

Genus:Elaeagnus

Species:angustifolia

Family:Elaeagnaceae

This is a robust, thorny deciduous shrub or small tree characterized by a rounded shape, though it may grow in a leggy, loose, and irregular manner, necessitating regular pruning to keep it looking neat.

It thrives in full sunlight, as it cannot withstand shade, and prefers light sandy or loamy soils, although it can adapt to various soil types. While it is resistant to drought and salt spray, it struggles with extreme summer heat. Additionally, it is straightforward to transplant.

In terms of pests, diseases, and other issues, this plant exhibits vigorous growth, with seeds that are easily dispersed by birds, leading to its classification as invasive in North Carolina.

Elaeagnus angustifolia Feature Summary

Elaeagnus angustifolia Image Gallery

Tags

#thorns
#yellow
#small tree
#invasive
#fragrant flowers
#drought tolerant
#silvery
#silver leaves
#wildlife plant
#yellow flowers
#salt tolerant
#high maintenance
#food source
#fast growing
#salt spray tolerant
#aggressive
#red fruits
#star shaped flowers
#food source summer
#deciduous tree
#food source fall
#bird friendly
#songbirds
#non-toxic for horses
#non-toxic for dogs
#non-toxic for cats

Similar Plants

Elaeagnus angustifolia Feature Summary

Attributes
An essential oil obtained from the flowers of this plant is often used in perfumes. A gum comes from this plant that is used in the textile industry.
Fruits attract birds.
This plant is particularly resistant to damage by deer.
Fruit
Achene but appears drupe-like because of a fleshy outer hypanthium. They resemble olives are 1/2" silver in late summer turning red in the fall from August-October.
Red/Burgundy
Gray/Silver
Flowers
Small, fragrant, silvery-white to yellow tubular flowers in late spring to early summer April-June.
White
Gold/Yellow
Gray/Silver
Leaves
Silver-gray to gray-green leaves; leaves hold late into fall.
Green
Gray/Silver
Lanceolate
1-3 inches
Stem
Smooth, red and thorny
Red/Burgundy
Smooth (glabrous)
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Coastal
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
2a
2b
3a
3b
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Small Tree
Songbirds
Weedy
Spines/Thorns
Invasive Species
Bark
Dark Brown

Elaeagnus angustifolia Attributes

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Uses (Ethnobotany)

An essential oil obtained from the flowers of this plant is often used in perfumes. A gum comes from this plant that is used in the textile industry.

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Wildlife Value

Fruits attract birds.

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems)

This plant is particularly resistant to damage by deer.

Elaeagnus angustifolia Fruit

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Fruit Description

Achene but appears drupe-like because of a fleshy outer hypanthium. They resemble olives are 1/2" silver in late summer turning red in the fall from August-October.

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Fruit Color

grass
Gray/Silver
grass
Red/Burgundy

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Elaeagnus angustifolia Flowers

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Flower Description

Small, fragrant, silvery-white to yellow tubular flowers in late spring to early summer April-June.

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Gray/Silver
filter_vintage
White

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Elaeagnus angustifolia Leaves

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Leaf Description

Silver-gray to gray-green leaves; leaves hold late into fall.

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Leaf Color

spa
Gray/Silver
spa
Green

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Elaeagnus angustifolia Stem

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Stem Description

Smooth, red and thorny

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Stem Color

grass
Red/Burgundy

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Elaeagnus angustifolia Whole Plant Traits

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Appendage

Prickles
Spines
Tendrils
Thorns

Elaeagnus angustifolia Cultural Conditions

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Elaeagnus angustifolia: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Elaeagnus angustifolia: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
2a
thermostat
2b
thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Elaeagnus angustifolia Landscape

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy

Elaeagnus angustifolia Bark

Elaeagnus angustifolia: Bark Color

grass
Dark Brown