Plant Profile: Euphorbia pulcherrima

Poinsettias are deciduous to semi-evergreen shrubs belonging to the spurge family, which is why their stems and leaves contain a milky sap. Recognized as a popular Christmas decoration, the Poinsettia features large, alternate leaves that may have serrated edges. Its cup-shaped yellow "flowers" bloom during the holiday season, surrounded by vibrant red, pink, or cream-colored leafy bracts. A prominent yellow gland at the edge of the "flower" enhances its ornamental charm.

This plant was introduced to the United States from its native Mexico in the early 1800s by Joel Poinsett, who served as the ambassador to Mexico at that time. Nowadays, Poinsettias are primarily cultivated as potted plants and dominate potted plant sales during the Christmas period. In their natural environment, these plants can reach heights of up to 10 feet, but when grown indoors in pots, they typically remain between 2 to 3 feet tall. To care for potted Poinsettias, it is important to prevent waterlogging and only water them when the soil feels dry.

For propagation, stem cuttings taken in early summer can be used along with rooting hormones and a potting mix that includes peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite. While Poinsettias are not toxic, research indicates that a considerable amount would need to be consumed to cause a mild stomach upset. However, the white sap can trigger allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to latex.

Common pests and issues affecting Poinsettias include mealybugs, red spider mites, scale, and whiteflies. Additionally, overwatering can lead to root and stem rot.