• Photo of Frangula caroliniana (Frangula carolinianas)

Plant Profile: Frangula caroliniana

Taxonomy: Frangula caroliniana

Names

Carolina Buckthorn

  • Photo of Frangula caroliniana (Frangula carolinianas)

Phonetic Spelling:FRANG-yoo-luh kair-oh-lin-ee-AN-uh

Genus:Frangula

Species:caroliniana

Family:Rhamnaceae

Carolina Buckthorn is a small, native deciduous tree or shrub that thrives in the bottomlands, along stream banks, and in the woodlands of the eastern and central United States. In North Carolina, it is predominantly located in the mountainous regions. This plant typically reaches heights of 12 to 20 feet and features a broad, open crown. While its spring flowers are rather inconspicuous, they give way to berry-like drupes in the fall, which are particularly appealing to wildlife.

This species is relatively easy to cultivate, preferring average to moist, well-drained alkaline soils and can flourish in full sun or partial shade. Carolina Buckthorn is an excellent choice for naturalized landscapes aimed at attracting wildlife, as well as for use as a hedge or privacy screen.

For further details on Rhamnus, please refer to additional resources.

Frangula caroliniana Feature Summary

Frangula caroliniana Image Gallery

Tags

#small tree
#full sun tolerant
#shrub
#hedges
#NC native
#Braham Arboretum
#naturalized area
#food source fall
#food source herbage
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#bird friendly
#food source hard mast fruit
#mammals
#butterfly larvae
#partial shade tolerant
#pollinators
#bee friendly
#audubon

Similar Plants

Frangula caroliniana Feature Summary

Attributes
Eastern Central & South Eastern U.S.A. to North East Mexico
AL , AR , FL , GA , IL , IN , KY , LA , MD , MO , MS , NC , NJ , OH , OK , SC , TN , TX , VA
This plant attracts birds, bees, butterflies, and other pollinators.
Fruit
Fruit is a fleshy drupe, red maturing to black. Displays from August to October.
Red/Burgundy
Black
< 1 inch
Flowers
Flowers small, 4-5-parted in small clusters at the bases of the leaves. Blooms from April to May.
Red/Burgundy
Black
4-5 petals/rays
Leaves
The 2-6 inches long glossy green leaves have smooth margins or with very small, rounded teeth and veins prominent, especially on the lower surface. The tip is pointed and base rounded or tapered.
Elliptical
Ovate
Entire
Dentate
3-6 inches
Smooth
Velvety
1-3 inches
Bark
Smooth gray-brown, may have darker blotches, with a few slightly raised lenticels and shallow fissures.
Dark Gray
Dark Brown
Stem
Slender, reddish-brown with gray pubescence; buds very small, naked and brown with fuzz.
Brown/Copper
Red/Burgundy
Hairy (pubescent)
Smooth/Hairless
Poisonous to Humans
Whole Plant Traits
Shrub
Tree
Native Plant
Poisonous
Spreading
Open
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Landscape
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Native Garden
Naturalized Area
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Bees
Small Mammals
Poisonous to Humans

Frangula caroliniana Attributes

Frangula caroliniana: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern Central & South Eastern U.S.A. to North East Mexico

Frangula caroliniana: Distribution

AL , AR , FL , GA , IL , IN , KY , LA , MD , MO , MS , NC , NJ , OH , OK , SC , TN , TX , VA

Frangula caroliniana: Wildlife Value

This plant attracts birds, bees, butterflies, and other pollinators.

Frangula caroliniana: Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems)

Heat and drought tolerant.

Frangula caroliniana Fruit

Frangula caroliniana: Fruit Description

Fruit is a fleshy drupe, red maturing to black. Displays from August to October.

Frangula caroliniana: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Frangula caroliniana: Fruit Color

grass
Black
grass
Red/Burgundy

Frangula caroliniana: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Frangula caroliniana: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Frangula caroliniana: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Frangula caroliniana Flowers

Frangula caroliniana: Flower Description

Flowers small, 4-5-parted in small clusters at the bases of the leaves. Blooms from April to May.

Frangula caroliniana: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Black
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy

Frangula caroliniana: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Frangula caroliniana: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Frangula caroliniana: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Frangula caroliniana Leaves

Frangula caroliniana: Leaf Description

The 2-6 inches long glossy green leaves have smooth margins or with very small, rounded teeth and veins prominent, especially on the lower surface. The tip is pointed and base rounded or tapered.

Frangula caroliniana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Frangula caroliniana: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Frangula caroliniana: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Gold/Yellow

Frangula caroliniana: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Frangula caroliniana: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Frangula caroliniana: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Frangula caroliniana: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Frangula caroliniana: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Frangula caroliniana: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Frangula caroliniana: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Frangula caroliniana: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Frangula caroliniana Bark

Frangula caroliniana: Bark Description

Smooth gray-brown, may have darker blotches, with a few slightly raised lenticels and shallow fissures.

Frangula caroliniana: Bark Color

grass
Dark Brown
grass
Dark Gray

Frangula caroliniana: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Frangula caroliniana Stem

Frangula caroliniana: Stem Description

Slender, reddish-brown with gray pubescence; buds very small, naked and brown with fuzz.

Frangula caroliniana: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Red/Burgundy

Frangula caroliniana: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Frangula caroliniana: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Frangula caroliniana: Stem Buds

Hairy
Hairy tips
Scaly
Smooth/Hairless

Frangula caroliniana Poisonous to Humans

Frangula caroliniana: Poison Symptoms

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Frangula caroliniana: Poison Toxic Principle

Glycosides.

Frangula caroliniana: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Frangula caroliniana: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Frangula caroliniana: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Frangula caroliniana Whole Plant Traits

Frangula caroliniana: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Frangula caroliniana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Frangula caroliniana: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Frangula caroliniana: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Frangula caroliniana: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Frangula caroliniana: Appendage

Prickles
Spines
Tendrils
Thorns

Frangula caroliniana Cultural Conditions

Frangula caroliniana: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Frangula caroliniana: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Frangula caroliniana: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Frangula caroliniana: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Frangula caroliniana: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Frangula caroliniana: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Frangula caroliniana Landscape

Frangula caroliniana: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Frangula caroliniana: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Frangula caroliniana: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Frangula caroliniana: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Frangula caroliniana: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy