• Photo of Gillenia trifoliata (Gillenia trifoliatas)

Plant Profile: Gillenia trifoliata

Taxonomy: Gillenia trifoliata

Names

American Ipecac, Bowman's Root, Indian Physic, Ipecac, Mountain Indian-physic

  • Photo of Gillenia trifoliata (Gillenia trifoliatas)

Phonetic Spelling:gil-le-nee-ah try-foh-lee-AY-tuh

Genus:Gillenia

Species:trifoliata

Family:Rosaceae

Bowman’s root, also known as Indian physic, is a perennial flowering plant belonging to the Rosaceae family, commonly referred to as the rose family. This species is indigenous to the eastern regions of the United States and Canada, ranging from southern Ontario down to Georgia, and extending westward to Kentucky, Arkansas, and Louisiana. It thrives in its natural habitat, which consists of woody, mountainous areas that provide partial sunlight, varying moisture levels, and rocky soil.

This deciduous herbaceous plant produces delicate five-petaled white flowers on slender red stems, blooming from late spring through early summer. The light and airy appearance of the flowers makes them particularly appealing for mass plantings or as part of garden borders. In the fall, the serrated green leaves transform to a striking red. Additionally, this plant may require some form of support to maintain its structure.

Gillenia trifoliata Feature Summary

Gillenia trifoliata Image Gallery

Tags

#showy flowers
#heat tolerant
#white flowers
#low maintenance
#winter interest
#fall interest
#mass planting
#herb garden
#NC native
#thickets
#native garden
#borders
#native wildflower
#late spring flowers
#food source summer
#food source fall
#early summer flowers
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#food source hard mast fruit
#fall color red
#butterfly friendly
#pollinators
#audubon
#woodlands

Similar Plants

Gillenia trifoliata Feature Summary

Attributes
Eastern U.S.A., Canada
The eastern United States and Canada
This plant attracts butterflies and pollinators.
Perennial
Buffer
Easy to Grow
Fruit
Fruit displays from August to October.
Flowers
Five narrow, long, white or pinkish-white petals that are unequal in length and somewhat twisted. They are held in loose corymbs on wiry, branching red stems. After the petals drop, attractive red calyces remain. Flowers bloom from April to June.
Pink
White
Spring
Summer
4-5 petals/rays
1-3 inches
Leaves
Olive-green leaves are divided into three-pointed, slightly toothed leaflets (1.5-4"). They are almost stalkless. Pair of small stipules at the base of each leaf. Good fall color.
3-6 inches
Stem
Thin reddish-brown stems on slender, somewhat twisted branches. Typically require support.
Brown/Copper
Red/Burgundy
Smooth (glabrous)
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Native Plant
Wildflower
Spreading
Clumping
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Acid (<6.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Rock Garden
Native Garden
Border
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Accent
Specimen
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Slope/Bank

Gillenia trifoliata Attributes

Gillenia trifoliata: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern U.S.A., Canada

Gillenia trifoliata: Distribution

The eastern United States and Canada

Gillenia trifoliata: Wildlife Value

This plant attracts butterflies and pollinators.

Gillenia trifoliata: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Gillenia trifoliata: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Gillenia trifoliata: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Gillenia trifoliata Fruit

Gillenia trifoliata: Fruit Description

Fruit displays from August to October.

Gillenia trifoliata: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Gillenia trifoliata Flowers

Gillenia trifoliata: Flower Description

Five narrow, long, white or pinkish-white petals that are unequal in length and somewhat twisted. They are held in loose corymbs on wiry, branching red stems. After the petals drop, attractive red calyces remain. Flowers bloom from April to June.

Gillenia trifoliata: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Pink
filter_vintage
White

Gillenia trifoliata: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Gillenia trifoliata: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Gillenia trifoliata: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Gillenia trifoliata: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Gillenia trifoliata: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Gillenia trifoliata: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Gillenia trifoliata Leaves

Gillenia trifoliata: Leaf Description

Olive-green leaves are divided into three-pointed, slightly toothed leaflets (1.5-4"). They are almost stalkless. Pair of small stipules at the base of each leaf. Good fall color.

Gillenia trifoliata: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Gillenia trifoliata: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Gillenia trifoliata: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Red/Burgundy

Gillenia trifoliata: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Gillenia trifoliata: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Gillenia trifoliata: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Gillenia trifoliata: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Gillenia trifoliata: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Gillenia trifoliata: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Gillenia trifoliata Stem

Gillenia trifoliata: Stem Description

Thin reddish-brown stems on slender, somewhat twisted branches. Typically require support.

Gillenia trifoliata: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Red/Burgundy

Gillenia trifoliata: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Gillenia trifoliata: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Gillenia trifoliata Whole Plant Traits

Gillenia trifoliata: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Gillenia trifoliata: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Gillenia trifoliata: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Gillenia trifoliata: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Gillenia trifoliata: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Gillenia trifoliata Cultural Conditions

Gillenia trifoliata: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Gillenia trifoliata: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Gillenia trifoliata: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Gillenia trifoliata: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Gillenia trifoliata: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Gillenia trifoliata: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Gillenia trifoliata: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Gillenia trifoliata Landscape

Gillenia trifoliata: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Gillenia trifoliata: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Gillenia trifoliata: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland