• Photo of Gillenia stipulata (Gillenia stipulatas)

Plant Profile: Gillenia stipulata

Taxonomy: Gillenia stipulata

Names

American Ipecac, Indian physic, Midwestern Indian-physic

  • Photo of Gillenia stipulata (Gillenia stipulatas)

Phonetic Spelling:gil-LEN-ee-uh stip-yoo-LAY-tuh

Genus:Gillenia

Species:stipulata

Family:Rosaceae

American Ipecac is a perennial herb native to the rose family. It thrives in dry forest environments, typically found in soils that range from acidic to circumneutral, often derived from diabase or greenstone. This plant propagates through rhizomes and showcases star-shaped white flowers, which may occasionally have a hint of pink, blooming from May to June. In the fall, its foliage transforms into vibrant shades of yellow and red. In North Carolina, it is considered rare in the Piedmont region and is classified as a threatened species. This plant is well-suited for home gardens.

American Ipecac flourishes in well-drained clay-loam or rocky soils and prefers full sun to partial shade. In regions with hot summers, it benefits from some afternoon shade. Once established, it demonstrates drought resistance. It is an excellent choice for pollinator gardens, the edges of woodlands, or rock gardens.

Gillenia stipulata Feature Summary

Gillenia stipulata Image Gallery

Tags

#white flowers
#native perennial
#low maintenance
#fall interest
#NC native
#naturalizes
#naturalized area
#late spring flowers
#early summer flowers
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#bird friendly
#food source hard mast fruit
#fall color red
#butterfly friendly
#fall color bronze
#partial shade tolerant
#pollinators
#trifolate
#audubon
#polinator garden
#woodlands

Similar Plants

Gillenia stipulata Feature Summary

Attributes
Central and eastern U.S.A.
AL , AR , GA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NY , OH , OK , PA , TN , TX , VA , WV
Attracts native bees and butterflies
Perennial
Fruit
1/2 inch 3-angled oval follicles with slender beaks in July-October. Eventually split to expel seeds
Follicle
Flowers
1" star-shaped white flowers appear either solitary or in small cymes of 2-5 blooms. They have 5 pointed petals and 10-20 stamens with dark brown anthers in the center. Blooms in May-June
Spring
Summer
4-5 petals/rays
1-3 inches
Leaves
Early spring leaves are trifoliate-pinnatifid and sessile (stemless). There are 3 leaflets with irregularly lobed margins. The later leaves are trifoliate and sessile with 3 leafless that are linear-lanceolate with toothed margins and 2-3.5 inches long. Each leaf has two unusually large stipules at the leaf base giving the impression of five rather than three leaflets. Yellow to red fall color.
Brown/Copper
Red/Burgundy
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Linear
Lanceolate
Pinnatifid
Lobed
Dentate
1-3 inches
< 1 inch
Stem
Stems are light green to brownish red, terete, and hairless to hairy
Brown/Copper
Green
Red/Burgundy
Smooth (glabrous)
Whole Plant Traits
Herbaceous Perennial
Native Plant
Mounding
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Acid (<6.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
Loam (Silt)
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Rock Garden
Pollinator Garden
Native Garden
Woodland
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds

Gillenia stipulata Attributes

Gillenia stipulata: Country Or Region Of Origin

Central and eastern U.S.A.

Gillenia stipulata: Distribution

AL , AR , GA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NY , OH , OK , PA , TN , TX , VA , WV

Gillenia stipulata: Wildlife Value

Attracts native bees and butterflies

Gillenia stipulata: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Gillenia stipulata Fruit

Gillenia stipulata: Fruit Description

1/2 inch 3-angled oval follicles with slender beaks in July-October. Eventually split to expel seeds

Gillenia stipulata: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Gillenia stipulata: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Gillenia stipulata Flowers

Gillenia stipulata: Flower Description

1" star-shaped white flowers appear either solitary or in small cymes of 2-5 blooms. They have 5 pointed petals and 10-20 stamens with dark brown anthers in the center. Blooms in May-June

Gillenia stipulata: Flower Color

filter_vintage
White

Gillenia stipulata: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Gillenia stipulata: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Gillenia stipulata: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Gillenia stipulata: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Gillenia stipulata: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Gillenia stipulata: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Gillenia stipulata Leaves

Gillenia stipulata: Leaf Description

Early spring leaves are trifoliate-pinnatifid and sessile (stemless). There are 3 leaflets with irregularly lobed margins. The later leaves are trifoliate and sessile with 3 leafless that are linear-lanceolate with toothed margins and 2-3.5 inches long. Each leaf has two unusually large stipules at the leaf base giving the impression of five rather than three leaflets. Yellow to red fall color.

Gillenia stipulata: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Gillenia stipulata: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Brown/Copper
spa
Red/Burgundy

Gillenia stipulata: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Gillenia stipulata: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Gillenia stipulata: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Gillenia stipulata: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Gillenia stipulata: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Gillenia stipulata: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Gillenia stipulata: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Gillenia stipulata Stem

Gillenia stipulata: Stem Description

Stems are light green to brownish red, terete, and hairless to hairy

Gillenia stipulata: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy

Gillenia stipulata: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Gillenia stipulata: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Gillenia stipulata: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Gillenia stipulata Whole Plant Traits

Gillenia stipulata: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Gillenia stipulata: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Gillenia stipulata: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Gillenia stipulata: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Gillenia stipulata Cultural Conditions

Gillenia stipulata: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Gillenia stipulata: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Gillenia stipulata: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Gillenia stipulata: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Gillenia stipulata: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Gillenia stipulata: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Gillenia stipulata: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Gillenia stipulata Landscape

Gillenia stipulata: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Gillenia stipulata: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Gillenia stipulata: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Gillenia stipulata: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Gillenia stipulata: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees