• Photo of Ilex coriacea (Ilex coriaceas)

Plant Profile: Ilex coriacea

Taxonomy: Ilex coriacea

Names

Baygall Bush, Big Gallberry, Inkberry, Inkberry Holly, Sweet Gallberry, Tall Gallberry, Tall Inkberry Holly

  • Photo of Ilex coriacea (Ilex coriaceas)

Phonetic Spelling:EYE-leks kor-ee-ay-SEE-ah

Genus:Ilex

Species:coriacea

Family:Aquifoliaceae

Tall Gallberry is an evergreen shrub belonging to the holly family, commonly found along the coastal plains stretching from Virginia to Florida and as far west as Texas. This shrub can grow up to 20 feet tall and features a distinctly open crown. Being dioecious, it requires both male and female plants of the same species that bloom simultaneously to produce fruit.

This species thrives in moist to wet sandy soils and prefers partial sunlight. It is well-suited for planting near streams or ponds, in naturalized settings, and around bogs and damp woodlands.

The flowers of the Tall Gallberry serve as an excellent nectar source, making them valuable to beekeepers for honey production. Additionally, its berries are a food source for various birds and small mammals.

Ilex coriacea Feature Summary

Ilex coriacea Image Gallery

Tags

#evergreen
#native shrub
#NC native
#large shrub
#glossy leaves
#red fruits
#prickly
#Braham Arboretum
#leathery leaves
#evergreen shrub
#food source fall
#food source herbage
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#Coastal FACW
#Piedmont Mountains FACW
#food source soft mast fruit
#audubon

Similar Plants

Ilex coriacea Feature Summary

Attributes
Southeastern, U.S.A.
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas
Good source of nectar for bees. Drupes attract birds and small mammals.
Wildlife Food Source
Fruit
Small nearly black shiny berry-like ⅓ inch drupe displays from September to October. Drops soon after maturing.
Red/Burgundy
Black
< 1 inch
Flowers
Dioecious small greenish-white flowers in axillary clusters, bloom from April to May
White
Green
Leaves
Alternate simple irregularly serrated or spine-tipped. 1.5"-3" long oblong, oval to obovate leathery shiny dark green above and lighter dull underneath with a few hairs. Pointed or rounded at the tip, tapering to the base.
Elliptical
Oblong
Obovate
1-3 inches
Prickly
Glossy
Leathery
Bark
Smooth greyish brown mottled bark with scattered lenticels .
Dark Gray
Dark Brown
Whole Plant Traits
Shrub
Native Plant
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Acid (<6.0)
Moist
Occasionally Wet
Coastal
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Woodland
Naturalized Area
Pond
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Bees
Small Mammals

Ilex coriacea Attributes

Ilex coriacea: Country Or Region Of Origin

Southeastern, U.S.A.

Ilex coriacea: Distribution

Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas

Ilex coriacea: Wildlife Value

Good source of nectar for bees. Drupes attract birds and small mammals.

Ilex coriacea: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Ilex coriacea: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Ilex coriacea: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Ilex coriacea Fruit

Ilex coriacea: Fruit Description

Small nearly black shiny berry-like ⅓ inch drupe displays from September to October. Drops soon after maturing.

Ilex coriacea: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Ilex coriacea: Fruit Color

grass
Black
grass
Red/Burgundy

Ilex coriacea: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Ilex coriacea: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Ilex coriacea: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Ilex coriacea Flowers

Ilex coriacea: Flower Description

Dioecious small greenish-white flowers in axillary clusters, bloom from April to May

Ilex coriacea: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Green
filter_vintage
White

Ilex coriacea: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Ilex coriacea: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Ilex coriacea Leaves

Ilex coriacea: Leaf Description

Alternate simple irregularly serrated or spine-tipped. 1.5"-3" long oblong, oval to obovate leathery shiny dark green above and lighter dull underneath with a few hairs. Pointed or rounded at the tip, tapering to the base.

Ilex coriacea: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Ilex coriacea: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Ilex coriacea: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Ilex coriacea: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Ilex coriacea: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Ilex coriacea: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Ilex coriacea: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Ilex coriacea: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Ilex coriacea: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Ilex coriacea Bark

Ilex coriacea: Bark Description

Smooth greyish brown mottled bark with scattered lenticels .

Ilex coriacea: Bark Color

grass
Dark Brown
grass
Dark Gray

Ilex coriacea Whole Plant Traits

Ilex coriacea: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Ilex coriacea: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Ilex coriacea: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Ilex coriacea Cultural Conditions

Ilex coriacea: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Ilex coriacea: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Ilex coriacea: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Ilex coriacea: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Ilex coriacea: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Ilex coriacea: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Ilex coriacea Stem

Ilex coriacea: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Ilex coriacea Landscape

Ilex coriacea: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Ilex coriacea: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Ilex coriacea: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees