• Photo of Lysimachia quadrifolia (Lysimachia quadrifolias)

Plant Profile: Lysimachia quadrifolia

Taxonomy: Lysimachia quadrifolia

Names

Whorled Loosestrife

  • Photo of Lysimachia quadrifolia (Lysimachia quadrifolias)

Phonetic Spelling:lis-ih-MAK-ee-ah kwad-ree-FOH-lee-uh

Genus:Lysimachia

Species:quadrifolia

Family:Primulaceae

Whorled Loosestrife is indigenous to the fens and damp prairies of eastern North America. Its striking yellow flowers emerge from the leaf axils on elongated stems. The leaves display a visually appealing whorled arrangement along the stem, typically grouped in clusters of four to five, though they can range from three to six. While this plant thrives in moist soil, it is also capable of adapting to drier conditions and a variety of soil types. It propagates through rhizomes and seeds, though its spread is relatively moderate.

In North Carolina, Whorled Loosestrife can be found in diverse forested areas and clearings, including the pine savannas of the outer Coastal Plain, where conditions can vary from moist to quite dry. It is prevalent in the mountainous regions and the Piedmont of North Carolina, but it is less common in the Coastal Plain.

Lysimachia quadrifolia Feature Summary

Lysimachia quadrifolia Image Gallery

Tags

#full sun tolerant
#wildlife plant
#yellow flowers
#nectar plant
#specialized bees
#NC native
#adaptable
#pollinator plant
#native wildflower
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#Piedmont Mountains FACU
#Coastal FACU
#partial shade tolerant
#bee friendly
#audubon

Similar Plants

Lysimachia quadrifolia Feature Summary

Attributes
The Cherokee used this plant to treat kidney and urinary conditions.
Eastern Canada to North Central & Eastern U.S.A
AL , CT , DC , DE , GA , IL , IN , KY , MA , MD , ME , MI , MN , NC , NH , NJ , NY , OH , PA , RI , SC , TN , VA , VT , WI , WV Canada: NB
Members of the genus Lysimachia support the following specialized bees: Macropis (Macropis) ciliata, Macropis (Macropis) patellata, and Macropis (Macropis) steironematis.
Perennial
Fruit
Dry seed capsule opens to drop seeds. Fruit displays from August to October.
Flowers
1/2 inch wide flowers have long stalks and arise from the leaf axils with 1 flower per axil. Flowers are star-shaped with 5 yellow petals with a reddish eye. The five stamens are united at the base by a fleshy band that is attached to the petals, giving them the appearance of an upright tube. Flowers bloom from May to August.
Gold/Yellow
Red/Burgundy
4-5 petals/rays
< 1 inch
Leaves
The leaves are in a whorled pattern along the stem in groups of 4-5 most of the time. They are oval to lance-shaped and 2 to 4.5 inches long and .5 to 1.5 inches wide. The leaves are pointed at the tip with little to no stem at the base. The margins and undersides have scattered fine hairs.
Elliptical
Ovate
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Stem
Straight unbranched green stems
Hairy (pubescent)
Whole Plant Traits
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Cottage Garden
Native Garden
Woodland
Naturalized Area
Pond
Pollinators
Specialized Bees

Lysimachia quadrifolia Attributes

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Uses (Ethnobotany)

The Cherokee used this plant to treat kidney and urinary conditions.

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern Canada to North Central & Eastern U.S.A

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Distribution

AL , CT , DC , DE , GA , IL , IN , KY , MA , MD , ME , MI , MN , NC , NH , NJ , NY , OH , PA , RI , SC , TN , VA , VT , WI , WV Canada: NB

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Wildlife Value

Members of the genus Lysimachia support the following specialized bees: Macropis (Macropis) ciliata, Macropis (Macropis) patellata, and Macropis (Macropis) steironematis.

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Lysimachia quadrifolia Fruit

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Fruit Description

Dry seed capsule opens to drop seeds. Fruit displays from August to October.

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Lysimachia quadrifolia Flowers

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Flower Description

1/2 inch wide flowers have long stalks and arise from the leaf axils with 1 flower per axil. Flowers are star-shaped with 5 yellow petals with a reddish eye. The five stamens are united at the base by a fleshy band that is attached to the petals, giving them the appearance of an upright tube. Flowers bloom from May to August.

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Lysimachia quadrifolia Leaves

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Leaf Description

The leaves are in a whorled pattern along the stem in groups of 4-5 most of the time. They are oval to lance-shaped and 2 to 4.5 inches long and .5 to 1.5 inches wide. The leaves are pointed at the tip with little to no stem at the base. The margins and undersides have scattered fine hairs.

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Lysimachia quadrifolia Stem

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Stem Description

Straight unbranched green stems

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Lysimachia quadrifolia Whole Plant Traits

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Lysimachia quadrifolia Cultural Conditions

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Lysimachia quadrifolia: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Lysimachia quadrifolia: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Lysimachia quadrifolia Landscape

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Lysimachia quadrifolia: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees