Plant Profile: Nyssa aquatica

Nyssa aquatica, commonly known as Water Tupelo, is a large, long-lived deciduous tree native to the tupelo genus. It thrives in the deep river and coastal swamps of the Southeastern United States, which are typically submerged for much of the year. This species is characterized by its swollen base, large, drooping fruit, and brittle twigs, setting it apart from the Blackgum. Water Tupelo features a tall, straight trunk with a narrow, open crown formed by its spreading branches, and it boasts large, glossy leaves. In a forest setting, the trunk tends to be elongated yet somewhat crooked above its buttressed base. While it exhibits a symmetrical, pyramid-like shape in its youth, it gradually takes on a more irregular appearance as it matures.

This tree flourishes in medium to wet soils and prefers full sun to partial shade, thriving particularly in moist, acidic conditions. It is capable of tolerating poorly-drained soils and can even grow in standing water. However, its long taproot makes transplantation challenging. Water Tupelo is seldom utilized in residential landscaping. It can reach impressive heights of up to 100 feet, with trunk diameters ranging from 3 to 4 feet. The species is primarily dioecious, meaning that male plants are necessary for successful female fruit production. In the fall, it displays a striking yellow foliage.

**Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems:**

Fire poses a significant threat to Water Tupelo, as it can damage the thin bark and facilitate the entry of rot-inducing fungi. Additionally, the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) can be a serious pest in certain years and regions. Despite these challenges, this tree is known for its heat tolerance.

**Key to Nyssa**