• Photo of Pinus sylvestris (Pinus sylvestriss)

Plant Profile: Pinus sylvestris

Taxonomy: Pinus sylvestris

Names

Scotch Pine

  • Photo of Pinus sylvestris (Pinus sylvestriss)

Phonetic Spelling:PY-nus sil-VES-tris

Genus:Pinus

Species:sylvestris

Family:Pinaceae

This plant exhibits an attractive landscape form that gradually opens up as it matures. Its striking appearance is characterized by orangish-brown bark and significant variability among its seedlings.

Optimal growth conditions include full sunlight and well-drained soil, although it can also thrive in poor, dry environments and is easy to transplant.

The plant's native origin influences its growth habit, hardiness, and the appearance of its needles. In cultivated settings, it can typically grow to heights of around 60 feet, though some specimens may remain much smaller.

Originally from Eurasia, this non-native species has become naturalized in the northeastern and north-central regions of the United States.

Common pests that affect the Scotch Pine include pine wilt nematodes, sawflies, moths, and scale insects.

Pinus sylvestris Feature Summary

Pinus sylvestris Image Gallery

Tags

#fragrant
#evergreen
#drought tolerant
#wildlife plant
#moths
#winter interest
#playground
#small mammals
#food source
#deer resistant
#nighttime garden
#children's garden
#larval host plant
#exfoliating bark
#urban conditions tolerant
#bird friendly
#moth larvae
#Christmas tree
#pollinator garden
#imperial moth

Similar Plants

Pinus sylvestris is often confused with:

Pinus sylvestris Feature Summary

Attributes
This plant is cultivated for windbreaks, timber, and plantations for Christmas trees.
Northern Europe and Northern Asia
This plant supports Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Porcupines consume the bark, pine grosbeak feed on the buds.
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Wildlife Food Source
Fruit
Yellow-brown, ovoid in shape, slightly stalked one
Brown/Copper
Gold/Yellow
1-3 inches
Flowers
1.5 to 3 in. cones solitary or in groups of 2 to 3
Insignificant
1-3 inches
Leaves
1 to 3 in. bluish-green needles in pairs, yellow-green in winter
Green
Blue
Simple
Needles
1-3 inches
Bark
Orange/red-brown flaking bark
Dark Brown
Orange
Red/Burgundy
Smooth
Exfoliating
Peeling
Stem
Young stems are green, with aging become brown. Typically twisted, dense and pendulous on the lower branches.
Brown/Copper
Green
Whole Plant Traits
Shrub
Tree
Columnar
Pyramidal
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
2a
2b
3a
3b
Landscape
Rock Garden
Pollinator Garden
Children's Garden
Winter Garden
Nighttime Garden
Foundation Planting
Accent
Small groups
Specimen
Deer
Urban Conditions
Patio
Walkways
Recreational Play Area
Lawn
Meadow
Small Space
Pool/Hardscape
Pollinators
Songbirds
Moths
Small Mammals

Pinus sylvestris Attributes

Pinus sylvestris: Uses (Ethnobotany)

This plant is cultivated for windbreaks, timber, and plantations for Christmas trees.

Pinus sylvestris: Country Or Region Of Origin

Northern Europe and Northern Asia

Pinus sylvestris: Wildlife Value

This plant supports Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Porcupines consume the bark, pine grosbeak feed on the buds.

Pinus sylvestris: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Pinus sylvestris: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Pinus sylvestris: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Pinus sylvestris Fruit

Pinus sylvestris: Fruit Description

Yellow-brown, ovoid in shape, slightly stalked one

Pinus sylvestris: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Gold/Yellow

Pinus sylvestris: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Pinus sylvestris: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Pinus sylvestris Flowers

Pinus sylvestris: Flower Description

1.5 to 3 in. cones solitary or in groups of 2 to 3

Pinus sylvestris: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Insignificant

Pinus sylvestris: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Pinus sylvestris: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Pinus sylvestris Leaves

Pinus sylvestris: Leaf Description

1 to 3 in. bluish-green needles in pairs, yellow-green in winter

Pinus sylvestris: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Pinus sylvestris: Leaf Color

spa
Blue
spa
Green

Pinus sylvestris: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Pinus sylvestris: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Pinus sylvestris: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Pinus sylvestris: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Pinus sylvestris: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Pinus sylvestris Bark

Pinus sylvestris: Bark Description

Orange/red-brown flaking bark

Pinus sylvestris: Bark Color

grass
Dark Brown
grass
Orange
grass
Red/Burgundy

Pinus sylvestris: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Pinus sylvestris Stem

Pinus sylvestris: Stem Description

Young stems are green, with aging become brown. Typically twisted, dense and pendulous on the lower branches.

Pinus sylvestris: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Green

Pinus sylvestris: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Pinus sylvestris Whole Plant Traits

Pinus sylvestris: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Pinus sylvestris: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Pinus sylvestris: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Pinus sylvestris: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Pinus sylvestris: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Pinus sylvestris Cultural Conditions

Pinus sylvestris: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Pinus sylvestris: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Pinus sylvestris: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Pinus sylvestris: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Pinus sylvestris: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
2a
thermostat
2b
thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Pinus sylvestris Landscape

Pinus sylvestris: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Pinus sylvestris: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Pinus sylvestris: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Pinus sylvestris: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Pinus sylvestris: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees