• Photo of Quercus imbricaria (Quercus imbricarias)

Plant Profile: Quercus imbricaria

Taxonomy: Quercus imbricaria

Names

Laurel, Oaks, Shingle Oak

  • Photo of Quercus imbricaria (Quercus imbricarias)

Phonetic Spelling:KWER-kus im-brik-KAY-ree-a

Genus:Quercus

Species:imbricaria

Family:Fagaceae

The Shingle Oak is a deciduous tree indigenous to Eastern North America, characterized by its symmetrical crown that can range from conical to rounded. Unlike many other oak species, its leaves are unlobed. The lower branches tend to spread widely or droop slightly, while the upper branches grow upright. This tree is adaptable to various soil types but thrives in well-draining conditions and does not tolerate salt. It serves well as a shade or street tree and has a mild resistance to deer.

Its robust wood helps it withstand storm damage, and it is capable of enduring drought, acidic soils, and full sunlight.

In terms of pests and diseases, the Shingle Oak may face threats from scale insects and the two-lined chestnut borer. Oak wilt is a potential disease concern, while galls caused by mites or insects are frequently observed but generally do not harm the tree.

Quercus imbricaria Feature Summary

Quercus imbricaria Image Gallery

Tags

#deciduous
#fall color
#shade tree
#poisonous
#full sun tolerant
#wildlife plant
#slow growing
#native tree
#moths
#tree
#playground
#small mammals
#food source
#NC native
#buffer
#deer browsing plant
#deer resistant
#acorns
#nighttime garden
#ornamentals
#children's garden
#oak
#forests
#screening
#Braham Arboretum
#larval host plant
#dendrology
#food source fall
#bird friendly
#dry soils tolerant
#butterfly friendly
#moth larvae
#pollinator garden
#problem for horses
#banded hairstreak butterfly
#gray hairstreak butterfly
#imperial moth
#juvenal’s duskywing butterfly
#edward’s hairstreak butterfly
#white-m hairstreak butterfly
#horace’s duskywing butterfly

Similar Plants

Quercus imbricaria is often confused with:

Quercus imbricaria Feature Summary

Attributes
Early North American settlers used this tree to make roof shingles.
Eastern and mid USA
AL , AR , DC , DE , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , TN , VA , WV. Found from a few eastern states through the midwest.
Oak trees support a wide variety of Lepidopteran. You may see Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Banded Hairstreak (Satyrium calanus), which have one flight from June-August everywhere but Florida where they emerge April-May. Edward's Hairstreak (Satyrium edwardsii), has one flight from May-July in the south and June-July in the north. Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), has three to four flights in the south from February-November and two flights in the north from May-September. White-M Hairstreak (Parrhasius m-album) has three broods in the north from February-October. Horace’s Duskywing (Erynnis horatius) has three broods in Texas and the deep south from January-November, and two broods in the north from April-September. Juvenal’s Duskywing (Erynnis juvenalis) has one brood from April-June, appearing as early as January in Florida. Very high wildlife value. Many birds and mammals eat the acorns. It is a host plant to several moths and skippers. Many insects are attracted to the tree, which in turn provides food for birds and other insect-eating animals.
Acorns (nuts) are edible after tannins are leached or boiled out.
Perennial
Woody
Wildlife Food Source
Buffer
Screening
Fruit
The round acorn is 0.5 to 0.75 inches with thin scaley cups covering about 1/3 of the nut. It does not mature until the second year.
Brown/Copper
< 1 inch
Flowers
Yellow-green male flowers are in drooping, elongated clusters. Female flowers are in spikes
Gold/Yellow
Green
Insignificant
Spike
Catkin
Leaves
Leaves are 3 to 6 inches long and 3/4 to 2 inches wide, glossy green with paler, sometimes pubescent undersides and they often persist into winter. Fall color is variable from yellow-brown to russet red. Broadly lance-shaped and unlobed with a single terminal bristle tip.
Brown/Copper
Gold/Yellow
Red/Burgundy
Elliptical
Oblong
Lanceolate
3-6 inches
Glossy
Leathery
1-3 inches
Bark
Greyish-brown bark with shallow fissures and ridges with age. Pinkish inner bark.
Dark Gray
Light Gray
Dark Brown
Stem
Branch bark is gray and more smooth, while twigs are brown and glabrous with scattered lenticels.
Brown/Copper
Hairy tips
Cluster of terminal buds
Not Conspicuous
Enclosed in more than 2 scales
Poisonous to Humans
Abdominal pain, constipation then diarrhea (occasionally bloody), depression, frequent urination, discolored urine, jaundice; acorns can obstruct the digestive tract
Gallotannins, quercitrin, and quercitin.
Leaves
Fruits
Whole Plant Traits
Tree
Native Plant
Poisonous
Rounded
Erect
Conical
Broad
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Acid (<6.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Wet
Occasionally Dry
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Children's Garden
Nighttime Garden
Native Garden
Shade Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Drought
Deer
Wet Soil
Dry Soil
Black Walnut
Recreational Play Area
Lawn
Meadow
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Moths
Small Mammals
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Horses
Messy

Quercus imbricaria Attributes

Quercus imbricaria: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Early North American settlers used this tree to make roof shingles.

Quercus imbricaria: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern and mid USA

Quercus imbricaria: Distribution

AL , AR , DC , DE , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , TN , VA , WV. Found from a few eastern states through the midwest.

Quercus imbricaria: Wildlife Value

Oak trees support a wide variety of Lepidopteran. You may see Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Banded Hairstreak (Satyrium calanus), which have one flight from June-August everywhere but Florida where they emerge April-May. Edward's Hairstreak (Satyrium edwardsii), has one flight from May-July in the south and June-July in the north. Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), has three to four flights in the south from February-November and two flights in the north from May-September. White-M Hairstreak (Parrhasius m-album) has three broods in the north from February-October. Horace’s Duskywing (Erynnis horatius) has three broods in Texas and the deep south from January-November, and two broods in the north from April-September. Juvenal’s Duskywing (Erynnis juvenalis) has one brood from April-June, appearing as early as January in Florida. Very high wildlife value. Many birds and mammals eat the acorns. It is a host plant to several moths and skippers. Many insects are attracted to the tree, which in turn provides food for birds and other insect-eating animals.

Quercus imbricaria: Edibility

Acorns (nuts) are edible after tannins are leached or boiled out.

Quercus imbricaria: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Quercus imbricaria: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Quercus imbricaria: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Quercus imbricaria Fruit

Quercus imbricaria: Fruit Description

The round acorn is 0.5 to 0.75 inches with thin scaley cups covering about 1/3 of the nut. It does not mature until the second year.

Quercus imbricaria: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Quercus imbricaria: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper

Quercus imbricaria: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Quercus imbricaria: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Quercus imbricaria: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Quercus imbricaria Flowers

Quercus imbricaria: Flower Description

Yellow-green male flowers are in drooping, elongated clusters. Female flowers are in spikes

Quercus imbricaria: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Green

Quercus imbricaria: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Quercus imbricaria: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Quercus imbricaria Leaves

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Description

Leaves are 3 to 6 inches long and 3/4 to 2 inches wide, glossy green with paler, sometimes pubescent undersides and they often persist into winter. Fall color is variable from yellow-brown to russet red. Broadly lance-shaped and unlobed with a single terminal bristle tip.

Quercus imbricaria: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Quercus imbricaria: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Brown/Copper
spa
Gold/Yellow
spa
Red/Burgundy

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Quercus imbricaria: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Quercus imbricaria: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Quercus imbricaria Bark

Quercus imbricaria: Bark Description

Greyish-brown bark with shallow fissures and ridges with age. Pinkish inner bark.

Quercus imbricaria: Bark Color

grass
Dark Brown
grass
Dark Gray
grass
Light Gray

Quercus imbricaria: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Quercus imbricaria Stem

Quercus imbricaria: Stem Description

Branch bark is gray and more smooth, while twigs are brown and glabrous with scattered lenticels.

Quercus imbricaria: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper

Quercus imbricaria: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Quercus imbricaria: Stem Buds

Hairy
Hairy tips
Scaly
Smooth/Hairless

Quercus imbricaria: Stem Bud Terminal

Cluster of terminal buds
Only 1 terminal bud, larger than side buds
Only 1 terminal bud, smaller than side buds

Quercus imbricaria: Stem Lenticels

Conspicuous
Not Conspicuous

Quercus imbricaria: Stem Bud Scales

Enclosed in 2 scales
Enclosed in a single cap like scale
Enclosed in more than 2 scales
No scales, covered in hair

Quercus imbricaria Poisonous to Humans

Quercus imbricaria: Poison Symptoms

Abdominal pain, constipation then diarrhea (occasionally bloody), depression, frequent urination, discolored urine, jaundice; acorns can obstruct the digestive tract

Quercus imbricaria: Poison Toxic Principle

Gallotannins, quercitrin, and quercitin.

Quercus imbricaria: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Quercus imbricaria: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Quercus imbricaria: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Quercus imbricaria Whole Plant Traits

Quercus imbricaria: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Quercus imbricaria: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Quercus imbricaria: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Quercus imbricaria: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Quercus imbricaria: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Quercus imbricaria: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Quercus imbricaria Cultural Conditions

Quercus imbricaria: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Quercus imbricaria: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Quercus imbricaria: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Quercus imbricaria: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Quercus imbricaria: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Quercus imbricaria: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Quercus imbricaria Landscape

Quercus imbricaria: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Quercus imbricaria: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Quercus imbricaria: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Quercus imbricaria: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Quercus imbricaria: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Quercus imbricaria: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy