Plant Profile: Sophora secundiflora

Sophora secundiflora, commonly known as Mescal Bean, is an evergreen tree or shrub characterized by multiple trunks, capable of growing up to 32 feet tall, though it typically reaches a height of 10 to 15 feet at maturity. This plant is often found along stream banks, where it forms thickets or small groves in low, moist limestone soils. It thrives in well-drained, moist, or occasionally dry conditions and prefers full or partial sunlight, as it does not tolerate shade. While it is not cultivated in North Carolina, its seeds are imported for use in making necklaces.

This species is drought-resistant and favors rocky limestone environments. Like many plants that grow in such conditions, it has a slow growth rate. The flowers emit a fragrance similar to artificial grape flavoring. The striking, lacquer-red seeds contain the highly toxic alkaloid cytisine (also known as sophorine), which is related to nicotine and is often referenced as a narcotic and hallucinogen. Despite its common name, Mescal Bean is not related to the Agave plants used in the production of mezcal.

In terms of pests and diseases, there are no known issues affecting this plant.