Plant Profile: Trillium stamineum

Taxonomy: Trillium stamineum

Names

Blue Ridge Trillium, Blue Ridge Wakerobin, Propeller Toadshade, Propeller Trillium, Twisted Trillium

  • Photo of Trillium stamineum (Trillium stamineums)

Phonetic Spelling:TRIL-ee-um stam-IN-ee-um

Genus:Trillium

Species:stamineum

Family:Melanthiaceae

Twisted Trillium is located along a narrow north-south corridor stretching from west-central Tennessee down to the upper coastal plain at the Alabama-Mississippi border. This plant thrives in lush hardwood forests, often found in ravines, near streams and creeks, as well as in prairie woodlands.

The flower boasts a deep maroon hue and emits an unpleasant scent designed to attract flies and beetles. Its petals are uniquely twisted at the tips and grow horizontally. For optimal growth, it should be planted in a woodland environment that offers part to full shade, ideally in humus-rich, sandy, well-drained alkaline soils.

In terms of pests and diseases, Twisted Trillium faces few significant threats. While slugs and snails may occasionally pose a problem, and issues like leaf spot, rust, and smut can arise, the plant generally remains resilient. However, it does not adapt well to transplantation.

Trillium stamineum Feature Summary

Trillium stamineum Image Gallery

Tags

#showy flowers
#purple flowers
#shade tolerant
#showy leaves
#moist soil
#spreading
#rhizomes
#rich soil
#wildflower garden
#clumping
#naturalized area
#maroon flowers
#partial shade tolerant
#HS302
#woodlands
#foul odor
#mottled leaves
#steam banks

Similar Plants

Trillium stamineum Feature Summary

Attributes
Trilliums have been used in herbal medicine
Southeastern United States
AL, MS, TN
Attracts flies and beetles for pollination
EDIBLE PARTS: Young, unfolding leaves HARVEST TIME: Only collect leaves from areas you know have NOT been treated with pesticides. SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES: Wash leaves in warm water to remove dirt and debris. Do not use dish detergent or any type of sanitizer. These products can leave a residue. Cook in boiling, salted water for ten minutes and serve like greens. SOURCE: Crowhurst, A. 1972. The Weed Cookbook. Lancer Books, Inc. New York, 190 pp.
Perennial
Fruit
6-parted berry-like capsule with seeds that are dispersed by ants in th summer.
Capsule
Berry
Red/Burgundy
Purple/Lavender
< 1 inch
Flowers
The petals are a very deep maroon to blackish-red, and purple-streaked. Waxy recurved petals are horizontal and twisted. The large stamens are dark purple. The carrion-scented flower attracts flies and beetles for pollination. Blooms April to May
Purple/Lavender
Red/Burgundy
Black
2-3 rays/petals
1-3 inches
Leaves
A whorl of 3 mottled ovate to ovate-lanceolate green sessile bracts are 2.5 to 3 inches long and 1.3-2 inches wide
Green
Variegated
Ovate
Lanceolate
1-3 inches
1-3 inches
Stem
Smooth round green to purple stem
Purple/Lavender
Green
Smooth (glabrous)
Straight
Poisonous to Humans
Toxicity unknown, but caution because of its relationship with known toxic plants.
Fruits
Roots
Whole Plant Traits
Herbaceous Perennial
Poisonous
Wildflower
Erect
Spreading
Clumping
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Good Drainage
Occasionally Dry
Mountains
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
8b
8a
9a
9b
High Organic Matter
Sand
Landscape
Shade Garden
Mass Planting
Small groups
Woodland
Naturalized Area
Pollinators
Moths

Trillium stamineum Attributes

Trillium stamineum: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Trilliums have been used in herbal medicine

Trillium stamineum: Country Or Region Of Origin

Southeastern United States

Trillium stamineum: Distribution

AL, MS, TN

Trillium stamineum: Wildlife Value

Attracts flies and beetles for pollination

Trillium stamineum: Edibility

EDIBLE PARTS: Young, unfolding leaves HARVEST TIME: Only collect leaves from areas you know have NOT been treated with pesticides. SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES: Wash leaves in warm water to remove dirt and debris. Do not use dish detergent or any type of sanitizer. These products can leave a residue. Cook in boiling, salted water for ten minutes and serve like greens. SOURCE: Crowhurst, A. 1972. The Weed Cookbook. Lancer Books, Inc. New York, 190 pp.

Trillium stamineum: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Trillium stamineum: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Trillium stamineum Fruit

Trillium stamineum: Fruit Description

6-parted berry-like capsule with seeds that are dispersed by ants in th summer.

Trillium stamineum: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Trillium stamineum: Fruit Color

grass
Purple/Lavender
grass
Red/Burgundy

Trillium stamineum: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Trillium stamineum: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Trillium stamineum: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Trillium stamineum Flowers

Trillium stamineum: Flower Description

The petals are a very deep maroon to blackish-red, and purple-streaked. Waxy recurved petals are horizontal and twisted. The large stamens are dark purple. The carrion-scented flower attracts flies and beetles for pollination. Blooms April to May

Trillium stamineum: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Black
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy

Trillium stamineum: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Trillium stamineum: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Trillium stamineum: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Trillium stamineum: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Trillium stamineum: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Trillium stamineum: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Trillium stamineum Leaves

Trillium stamineum: Leaf Description

A whorl of 3 mottled ovate to ovate-lanceolate green sessile bracts are 2.5 to 3 inches long and 1.3-2 inches wide

Trillium stamineum: Leaf Color

spa
Green
spa
Variegated

Trillium stamineum: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Trillium stamineum: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Trillium stamineum: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Trillium stamineum: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Trillium stamineum: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Trillium stamineum: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Trillium stamineum: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Trillium stamineum Stem

Trillium stamineum: Stem Description

Smooth round green to purple stem

Trillium stamineum: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Purple/Lavender

Trillium stamineum: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Trillium stamineum: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Trillium stamineum: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Trillium stamineum: Stem Form

Straight
Zig Zags

Trillium stamineum Poisonous to Humans

Trillium stamineum: Poison Symptoms

Unknown

Trillium stamineum: Poison Toxic Principle

Toxicity unknown, but caution because of its relationship with known toxic plants.

Trillium stamineum: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Trillium stamineum: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Trillium stamineum: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Trillium stamineum Whole Plant Traits

Trillium stamineum: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Trillium stamineum: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Trillium stamineum: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Trillium stamineum: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Trillium stamineum: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Trillium stamineum Cultural Conditions

Trillium stamineum: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Trillium stamineum: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Trillium stamineum: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Trillium stamineum: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Trillium stamineum: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Trillium stamineum: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Trillium stamineum: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Trillium stamineum Landscape

Trillium stamineum: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Trillium stamineum: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Trillium stamineum: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Trillium stamineum: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees