• Photo of Yucca filamentosa (Yucca filamentosas)

Plant Profile: Yucca filamentosa

Taxonomy: Yucca filamentosa

Names

Adam's Needle Yucca, Curlyleaf Yucca, Spanish Bayonet, Spoonleaf Yucca

  • Photo of Yucca filamentosa (Yucca filamentosas)

Phonetic Spelling:YUK-ah fil-ah-men-TOH-sah

Genus:Yucca

Species:filamentosa

Family:Asparagaceae

Adams Needle, originally found in the southeastern United States, has expanded its range significantly, thriving in hardiness zones 4 through 10. It is commonly found throughout North Carolina. This plant features evergreen, sword-like leaves adorned with delicate, thread-like filaments that curl at the edges and culminate in sharp tips. In late spring to early summer, it produces tall panicles of beautiful white, bell-shaped flowers. Notably, Adams Needle is resilient against deer, rabbits, poor soil conditions, salt spray, drought, and high temperatures.

This species thrives best in coarse, well-drained sandy soil but can adapt to various soil types. While it prefers full sunlight, it can also tolerate partial shade. There are multiple cultivars available that showcase variegated leaves, although the straight species may be less accessible.

Adams Needle is ideal for use as a hedge or barrier, as an accent plant, in coastal gardens, and in regions where drought resistance is essential.

**Quick Identification**
**Habitat:** Woodlands, forests, dunes, roadsides, and disturbed areas.
**Pests and Potential Issues:** In poorly drained locations, the leaves may be prone to leaf spot or blight.

Yucca filamentosa Feature Summary

Yucca filamentosa Image Gallery

Tags

#white
#evergreen
#full sun tolerant
#perennial
#white flowers
#shrub
#wildlife plant
#moths
#salt tolerant
#winter interest
#cpp
#summer flowers
#deer resistant
#nighttime garden
#native garden
#snow
#coastal plants
#spring interest
#wildflower garden
#fantz
#larval host plant
#food source winter
#food source fall
#food source herbage
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#bird friendly
#food source hard mast fruit
#moth larvae
#problem for cats
#problem for dogs
#problem for horses
#audubon

Similar Plants

Yucca filamentosa is often confused with:

Yucca filamentosa Feature Summary

Attributes
The Native Americans used it for a variety of purposes including food, medicine, cordage and soap.
Long Island and PA, s. to FL and LA
AL , AR , CT , DE , FL , GA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NE , NJ , NY , OH , PA , RI , SC , TN , TX , VA , WI , WV
Mutualistic relationship with the small white yucca moth. Hummingbirds visit the flowers. Larval host for Yucca Giant-Skipper and Cofaqui Giant-Skipper.
Particularly resistant to damage by deer. Heat, drought, and soil compaction tolerant.
The edible flowers taste somewhat like bitter artichoke and can be used fresh in salads, cooked in soups or stews, or roasted.
Perennial
Seed
Division
Root Cutting
Wildlife Food Source
Attracts Pollinators
Fruit
Oblong green fruits mature to brown are 2 by 3/4 inch with many black seeds.
Green
Brown/Copper
1-3 inches
< 1 inch
Flowers
Waxy creamy white bell-shaped flowers on 5-6 ft. tall panicles. Blooms from April to June.
Spring
Summer
1-3 inches
Leaves
Stemless leaves are in a basal rosette, simple, sword-shaped, rigid, apex sharply cusped, margins usually inrolled and contain curly thread-like filaments. Up to 18 inches long and 2 inches wide. Many cultivars have bold, variegated leaves and softer tips.
Green
Gold/Yellow
Variegated
Lanceolate
> 6 inches
Leathery
Showy
Long-lasting
1-3 inches
Stem
5-8 ft tall flower stalk
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Shrub
Native Plant
Wildflower
Erect
Clumping
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
10a
10b
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
Rock Garden
Pollinator Garden
Winter Garden
Nighttime Garden
Native Garden
Accent
Barrier
Drought
Deer
Heat
Urban Conditions
Rabbits
Salt
Erosion
Squirrels
Patio
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Slope/Bank
Coastal
Songbirds
Bees
Moths
Small Mammals
Hummingbirds
Problem for Cats
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses

Yucca filamentosa Attributes

Yucca filamentosa: Uses (Ethnobotany)

The Native Americans used it for a variety of purposes including food, medicine, cordage and soap.

Yucca filamentosa: Country Or Region Of Origin

Long Island and PA, s. to FL and LA

Yucca filamentosa: Distribution

AL , AR , CT , DE , FL , GA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NE , NJ , NY , OH , PA , RI , SC , TN , TX , VA , WI , WV

Yucca filamentosa: Wildlife Value

Mutualistic relationship with the small white yucca moth. Hummingbirds visit the flowers. Larval host for Yucca Giant-Skipper and Cofaqui Giant-Skipper.

Yucca filamentosa: Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems)

Particularly resistant to damage by deer. Heat, drought, and soil compaction tolerant.

Yucca filamentosa: Edibility

The edible flowers taste somewhat like bitter artichoke and can be used fresh in salads, cooked in soups or stews, or roasted.

Yucca filamentosa: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Yucca filamentosa: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Yucca filamentosa: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Yucca filamentosa Fruit

Yucca filamentosa: Fruit Description

Oblong green fruits mature to brown are 2 by 3/4 inch with many black seeds.

Yucca filamentosa: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Yucca filamentosa: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Green

Yucca filamentosa: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Yucca filamentosa: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Yucca filamentosa: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Yucca filamentosa Flowers

Yucca filamentosa: Flower Description

Waxy creamy white bell-shaped flowers on 5-6 ft. tall panicles. Blooms from April to June.

Yucca filamentosa: Flower Color

filter_vintage
White

Yucca filamentosa: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Yucca filamentosa: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Yucca filamentosa: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Yucca filamentosa: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Yucca filamentosa: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Yucca filamentosa Leaves

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Description

Stemless leaves are in a basal rosette, simple, sword-shaped, rigid, apex sharply cusped, margins usually inrolled and contain curly thread-like filaments. Up to 18 inches long and 2 inches wide. Many cultivars have bold, variegated leaves and softer tips.

Yucca filamentosa: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Color

spa
Gold/Yellow
spa
Green
spa
Variegated

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Yucca filamentosa: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Yucca filamentosa Stem

Yucca filamentosa: Stem Description

5-8 ft tall flower stalk

Yucca filamentosa: Stem Color

grass
Green

Yucca filamentosa: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Yucca filamentosa Whole Plant Traits

Yucca filamentosa: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Yucca filamentosa: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Yucca filamentosa: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Yucca filamentosa: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Yucca filamentosa: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Yucca filamentosa Cultural Conditions

Yucca filamentosa: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Yucca filamentosa: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Yucca filamentosa: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Yucca filamentosa: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Yucca filamentosa: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Yucca filamentosa: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
10a
thermostat
10b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Yucca filamentosa: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Yucca filamentosa Landscape

Yucca filamentosa: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Yucca filamentosa: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Yucca filamentosa: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Yucca filamentosa: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Yucca filamentosa: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Yucca filamentosa: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy