• Photo of Acalypha virginica (Acalypha virginicas)

Plant Profile: Acalypha virginica

Taxonomy: Acalypha virginica

Names

Virginia Copperleaf, Virginia Threeseed Mercury

  • Photo of Acalypha virginica (Acalypha virginicas)

Phonetic Spelling:ak-uh-LY-fuh vir-JIN-ih-kuh

Genus:Acalypha

Species:virginica

Family:Euphorbiaceae

Virginia Copperleaf is a summer annual weed belonging to the spurge family. However, unlike many of its relatives in the Euphorbiaceae family, it does not produce the characteristic milky sap. This plant typically thrives in disturbed environments, such as meadows, fields, woodlands, and along the banks of rivers and lakes. While it is classified as a weed, it is not invasive and is recognized as a native species. Management practices for Virginia Copperleaf involve hand weeding, which includes uprooting the taproot, as well as the application of mulch. During the fall and winter, birds consume its seeds, and deer may feed on its leaves, potentially sparing other nearby plants.

Acalypha virginica Feature Summary

Acalypha virginica Image Gallery

Tags

#drought tolerant
#weed
#wildlife plant
#weedy
#summer annual weed
#NC native
#deer browsing plant
#wind pollinated
#FACU
#warm season weed
#native weed
#bird friendly
#food source hard mast fruit

Similar Plants

Acalypha virginica is often confused with:

Acalypha virginica Feature Summary

Attributes
Central and Eastern U.S.A.
USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VT, WV Canada: ON
Birds eat the seeds and deer browse the leaves.
Fruit
3-celled seed capsule with each cell of the capsule containing a single ovoid-oblongoid seed.
Flowers
Flowers grow from the hairy bracts in the leaf axil. Bracts are green, hairy, and palmately lobed (10-15 lobes) with hairs along their margins. Within each bract, a spike-like thyrse of staminate flowers develops. Spike is 3/4 inch long and individual flowers are less than 1/8 inch. 1-3 sessile pistillate flowers also form within the bract and are largely hidden from view. Each pistillate flower is about ¼" across. Pollinated by the wind.
Insignificant
Spike
Bracts
7 - 20 petals/rays
< 1 inch
Leaves
Leaves are medium green and up to 3" long and 1" across. They are lanceolate and crenate with widely spaced blunt teeth to nearly smooth. The upper surfaces are sparsely canescent, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, or hairless. They grow closer together at the top of the stem giving it a flat-topped look. Young leaves are brown/copper.
Green
Brown/Copper
Lanceolate
Rhomboidal
Serrate
Crenate
1-3 inches
< 1 inch
Stem
The mostly unbranched erect stems are light to medium green, terete, and moderately covered with hairs
Green
Red/Burgundy
Hairy (pubescent)
Straight
Poisonous to Humans
Ingesting sap or juice can cause vomiting, diarrhea, or dermatitis.
Sap/Juice
Whole Plant Traits
Annual
Native Plant
Weed
Herb
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Bark
Green
Red/Burgundy

Acalypha virginica Attributes

Acalypha virginica: Country Or Region Of Origin

Central and Eastern U.S.A.

Acalypha virginica: Distribution

USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VT, WV Canada: ON

Acalypha virginica: Wildlife Value

Birds eat the seeds and deer browse the leaves.

Acalypha virginica: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Acalypha virginica: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Acalypha virginica Fruit

Acalypha virginica: Fruit Description

3-celled seed capsule with each cell of the capsule containing a single ovoid-oblongoid seed.

Acalypha virginica: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Acalypha virginica: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Acalypha virginica Flowers

Acalypha virginica: Flower Description

Flowers grow from the hairy bracts in the leaf axil. Bracts are green, hairy, and palmately lobed (10-15 lobes) with hairs along their margins. Within each bract, a spike-like thyrse of staminate flowers develops. Spike is 3/4 inch long and individual flowers are less than 1/8 inch. 1-3 sessile pistillate flowers also form within the bract and are largely hidden from view. Each pistillate flower is about ¼" across. Pollinated by the wind.

Acalypha virginica: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Green

Acalypha virginica: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Acalypha virginica: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Acalypha virginica: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Acalypha virginica: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Acalypha virginica Leaves

Acalypha virginica: Leaf Description

Leaves are medium green and up to 3" long and 1" across. They are lanceolate and crenate with widely spaced blunt teeth to nearly smooth. The upper surfaces are sparsely canescent, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, or hairless. They grow closer together at the top of the stem giving it a flat-topped look. Young leaves are brown/copper.

Acalypha virginica: Leaf Color

spa
Brown/Copper
spa
Green

Acalypha virginica: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Brown/Copper

Acalypha virginica: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Acalypha virginica: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Acalypha virginica: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Acalypha virginica: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Acalypha virginica: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Acalypha virginica: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Acalypha virginica: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Acalypha virginica: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Acalypha virginica Stem

Acalypha virginica: Stem Description

The mostly unbranched erect stems are light to medium green, terete, and moderately covered with hairs

Acalypha virginica: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy

Acalypha virginica: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Acalypha virginica: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Acalypha virginica: Stem Form

Straight
Zig Zags

Acalypha virginica Poisonous to Humans

Acalypha virginica: Poison Symptoms

Ingesting sap or juice can cause vomiting, diarrhea, or dermatitis.

Acalypha virginica: Poison Toxic Principle

.

Acalypha virginica: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Acalypha virginica: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Acalypha virginica: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Acalypha virginica Whole Plant Traits

Acalypha virginica: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Acalypha virginica: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Acalypha virginica: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Acalypha virginica: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Acalypha virginica: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Acalypha virginica Cultural Conditions

Acalypha virginica: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Acalypha virginica: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Acalypha virginica: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Acalypha virginica: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Acalypha virginica: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Acalypha virginica Landscape

Acalypha virginica: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Acalypha virginica: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Acalypha virginica: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy

Acalypha virginica Bark

Acalypha virginica: Bark Color

grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy