Plant Profile: Aesculus x arnoldiana

Taxonomy: Aesculus x arnoldiana

Names

Arnold Buckeye

  • Photo of Aesculus x arnoldiana (Aesculus x arnoldianas)

Phonetic Spelling:ES-kew-lus bi ar-nold-ee-AY-nuh

Genus:Aesculus

Species:x arnoldiana

Family:Sapindaceae

Arnold Buckeye, scientifically known as Aesculus x arnoldiana, is a hybrid of A. flavia and A. pavia that emerged naturally at the Arnold Arboretum in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The name derives from a Latin term for an edible acorn, while the "x" signifies its hybrid nature and its discovery at the arboretum. This medium-sized tree thrives in moist, well-drained soil but struggles in dry conditions. It can tolerate some shade and features a medium to coarse texture with a rounded, broad form and low branches. The tree showcases striking chestnut flowers that bloom at the tips of its branches and produces chestnut-like fruit in the fall. It is relatively resistant to pests and is suitable for use as a street tree, displaying vibrant autumn colors. The cultivar 'Autumn Splendor' is especially notable for its impressive fall foliage.

Aesculus x arnoldiana Feature Summary

Aesculus x arnoldiana Image Gallery

Tags

#red
#deciduous
#fall color
#yellow
#full sun tolerant
#orange
#orange leaves
#red flowers
#yellow flowers
#tree
#yellow leaves
#partial shade tolerant
#problem for cats
#problem for dogs
#problem for horses

Similar Plants

Aesculus x arnoldiana is often confused with:

Aesculus x arnoldiana Feature Summary

Attributes
USA, Arnold Arboretum, Cambridge, MA
Perennial
Fruit
The fruit is the typical horse chestnut. It has a thickly husked yellow-brown capsule that can hold as many as three chestnuts. The capsule is over an inch in diameter, while the chestnuts are smaller. They are glossy brown.
Brown/Copper
1-3 inches
1-3 inches
Flowers
The flowers are held in a six-inch-high, densely packed panicle of yellowish flowers with red markings. They are the usual chestnut shape - tubular with a pronounced lip. As they are at the ends of the branches and held clear of the leaves, they make a good show.
Gold/Yellow
Red/Burgundy
Leaves
This plant has opposite, compound leaves which have a yellow to orange fall color. The leaf is made up of five leaflets. These are elliptic in shape with a broad base and a relatively pointy tip. They are finely serrated. When they emerge in the spring, they have soft hairs, but as they mature, most of the leaflet loses the hairs. The top becomes totally smooth, but the hairs remain on the bottom along the midvein and some of the larger secondary veins. The mature leaves are a dull dark green on top and a pale yellow-green below.
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Elliptical
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Bark
The bark of this tree is pale and scaly.
Light Brown
Poisonous to Humans
Severe vomiting and diarrhea, depression or excitement, dilated pupils, coma, convulsions, wobbly
Aesculin (a glycosidic saponin), other saponins
Whole Plant Traits
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Good Drainage
Moist
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
Landscape
Shade Tree
Specimen
Flowering Tree
Street Tree
Small Tree
Woodland
Lawn
Naturalized Area
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses

Aesculus x arnoldiana Attributes

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Country Or Region Of Origin

USA, Arnold Arboretum, Cambridge, MA

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Aesculus x arnoldiana Fruit

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Fruit Description

The fruit is the typical horse chestnut. It has a thickly husked yellow-brown capsule that can hold as many as three chestnuts. The capsule is over an inch in diameter, while the chestnuts are smaller. They are glossy brown.

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Aesculus x arnoldiana Flowers

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Flower Description

The flowers are held in a six-inch-high, densely packed panicle of yellowish flowers with red markings. They are the usual chestnut shape - tubular with a pronounced lip. As they are at the ends of the branches and held clear of the leaves, they make a good show.

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Aesculus x arnoldiana Leaves

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Leaf Description

This plant has opposite, compound leaves which have a yellow to orange fall color. The leaf is made up of five leaflets. These are elliptic in shape with a broad base and a relatively pointy tip. They are finely serrated. When they emerge in the spring, they have soft hairs, but as they mature, most of the leaflet loses the hairs. The top becomes totally smooth, but the hairs remain on the bottom along the midvein and some of the larger secondary veins. The mature leaves are a dull dark green on top and a pale yellow-green below.

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Gold/Yellow
spa
Orange

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Aesculus x arnoldiana Bark

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Bark Description

The bark of this tree is pale and scaly.

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Bark Color

grass
Light Brown

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Aesculus x arnoldiana Poisonous to Humans

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Poison Symptoms

Severe vomiting and diarrhea, depression or excitement, dilated pupils, coma, convulsions, wobbly

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Poison Toxic Principle

Aesculin (a glycosidic saponin), other saponins

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Aesculus x arnoldiana Whole Plant Traits

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Aesculus x arnoldiana Cultural Conditions

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Aesculus x arnoldiana: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Aesculus x arnoldiana: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Aesculus x arnoldiana Stem

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Aesculus x arnoldiana Landscape

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Aesculus x arnoldiana: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy