• Photo of Aristolochia serpentaria (Aristolochia serpentarias)

Plant Profile: Aristolochia serpentaria

Taxonomy: Aristolochia serpentaria

Names

Virginia Dutchmanspipe, Virginia Snakeroot

  • Photo of Aristolochia serpentaria (Aristolochia serpentarias)

Phonetic Spelling:a-ris-toh-LOH-kee-uh ser-pen-TAIR-ee-uh

Genus:Aristolochia

Species:serpentaria

Family:Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia serpentaria, commonly known as Virginia Snakeroot, is a herbaceous perennial that serves as an effective ground cover within the Aristolochiaceae family, often thriving in woodland or shaded garden settings. This plant typically reaches heights of 1 to 2 feet. Its flowers, while reminiscent of those found on Woolly Pipevine (Aristolochia tomentosa) and Dutchman's Pipe (Aristolochia macrophylla), are notably smaller and grow closer to the ground. Virginia Snakeroot propagates through rhizomes.

Ideal for use as ground cover in shady areas, this plant flourishes in well-drained, moist soils that are rich in humus, whether they be clay loam or sandy loam, and prefers partial to full shade.

In terms of habitat, it is commonly found in dry to mesic forests, with a tendency to favor mesic conditions over acidic substrates, although it can also adapt to drier environments on calcareous or mafic soils.

Seasons of Interest:
- Blooms: Spring
- Nut/Fruit/Seed: Capsule

Potential issues include insects, diseases, or other plant-related problems.

Aristolochia serpentaria Feature Summary

Aristolochia serpentaria Image Gallery

Tags

#purple
#deciduous
#brown
#wildlife plant
#purple flowers
#shade tolerant
#shade garden
#wet sites
#low flammability
#NC native
#organic soils
#deer resistant
#caterpillars
#fire resistant
#groundcover
#native wildflower
#larval host plant
#food source summer
#food source herbage
#piedmont mountains UPL
#loamy soils tolerant
#dry soils tolerant
#butterfly friendly
#FACU Coastal
#partial shade tolerant
#pollinator garden
#audubon
#woodlands
#heavy shade tolerant
#pipevine swallowtail butterfly

Similar Plants

Aristolochia serpentaria is often confused with:

Aristolochia serpentaria Feature Summary

Attributes
Used by Native Americans for snake bites. Used in herbal medicine.
AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV
Flowers are cross-pollinated primarily by flesh flies, fungus gnats, and possibly carrion beetles searching out nectar. The caterpillars of a butterfly, the Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor), feed on the foliage of Virginia snakeroot, although more than one plant is required to complete their development. Because the foliage and roots are toxic and unpleasant-tasting, mammalian herbivores do not feed on this plant. Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor) larvae which appear in late spring and summer in the east and California. In the south and southwest regions it most commonly appears in late summer through fall. Adult Pipevine Swallowtail butterflies also feed solely off of flower nectar from other plants like azaleas, thistles, verbena, lupines, and lilacs.
deer damage, shade, wet soil, dry soil, loamy soil, fire in landscape
Perennial
Wildlife Food Source
low flammability
Fruit
This plant produces a 1/2-inch six-valved capsule that contains many seeds. Displays from June to July.
< 1 inch
Flowers
1/2-3/4 inch small hairy purple-brown flowers that bloom from May to June at the base of the plant on small scaly stalks. They are pitcher-shaped flowers that are found close to the ground, lying on the ground or under leaf litter.
Purple/Lavender
Gold/Yellow
Red/Burgundy
Brown/Copper
Cream/Tan
Funnel
Tubular
< 1 inch
Leaves
Alternate leaves are 2–5" long and ½–2" across. They are narrowly cordate, ovate-sagittate, or narrowly hastate with a pair of rounded basal lobes. Margins are entire.
Ovate
Cordate
Entire
Lobed
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Stem
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Herbaceous Perennial
Native Plant
Wildflower
Herb
Ground Cover
Spreading
Cultural Conditions
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Shade Garden
Mass Planting
Small groups
Deer
Wet Soil
Dry Soil
Fire
Heavy Shade
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds

Aristolochia serpentaria Attributes

Aristolochia serpentaria: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Used by Native Americans for snake bites. Used in herbal medicine.

Aristolochia serpentaria: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern USA

Aristolochia serpentaria: Distribution

AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV

Aristolochia serpentaria: Wildlife Value

Flowers are cross-pollinated primarily by flesh flies, fungus gnats, and possibly carrion beetles searching out nectar. The caterpillars of a butterfly, the Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor), feed on the foliage of Virginia snakeroot, although more than one plant is required to complete their development. Because the foliage and roots are toxic and unpleasant-tasting, mammalian herbivores do not feed on this plant. Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor) larvae which appear in late spring and summer in the east and California. In the south and southwest regions it most commonly appears in late summer through fall. Adult Pipevine Swallowtail butterflies also feed solely off of flower nectar from other plants like azaleas, thistles, verbena, lupines, and lilacs.

Aristolochia serpentaria: Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems)

deer damage, shade, wet soil, dry soil, loamy soil, fire in landscape

Aristolochia serpentaria: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Aristolochia serpentaria: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Aristolochia serpentaria: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Aristolochia serpentaria: Fire Risk Rating

extreme flammability
high flammability
low flammability
medium flammability

Aristolochia serpentaria Fruit

Aristolochia serpentaria: Fruit Description

This plant produces a 1/2-inch six-valved capsule that contains many seeds. Displays from June to July.

Aristolochia serpentaria: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Aristolochia serpentaria: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Aristolochia serpentaria: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Aristolochia serpentaria: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Aristolochia serpentaria Flowers

Aristolochia serpentaria: Flower Description

1/2-3/4 inch small hairy purple-brown flowers that bloom from May to June at the base of the plant on small scaly stalks. They are pitcher-shaped flowers that are found close to the ground, lying on the ground or under leaf litter.

Aristolochia serpentaria: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Brown/Copper
filter_vintage
Cream/Tan
filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy

Aristolochia serpentaria: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Aristolochia serpentaria: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Aristolochia serpentaria: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Aristolochia serpentaria: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Aristolochia serpentaria Leaves

Aristolochia serpentaria: Leaf Description

Alternate leaves are 2–5" long and ½–2" across. They are narrowly cordate, ovate-sagittate, or narrowly hastate with a pair of rounded basal lobes. Margins are entire.

Aristolochia serpentaria: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Aristolochia serpentaria: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Aristolochia serpentaria: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Aristolochia serpentaria: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Aristolochia serpentaria: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Aristolochia serpentaria: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Aristolochia serpentaria: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Aristolochia serpentaria: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Aristolochia serpentaria Stem

Aristolochia serpentaria: Stem Description

Green zig-zag stems

Aristolochia serpentaria: Stem Color

grass
Green

Aristolochia serpentaria: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Aristolochia serpentaria: Stem Form

Straight
Zig Zags

Aristolochia serpentaria Whole Plant Traits

Aristolochia serpentaria: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Aristolochia serpentaria: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Aristolochia serpentaria: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Aristolochia serpentaria: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Aristolochia serpentaria Cultural Conditions

Aristolochia serpentaria: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Aristolochia serpentaria: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Aristolochia serpentaria: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Aristolochia serpentaria: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Aristolochia serpentaria: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Aristolochia serpentaria: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Aristolochia serpentaria Landscape

Aristolochia serpentaria: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Aristolochia serpentaria: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Aristolochia serpentaria: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Aristolochia serpentaria: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Aristolochia serpentaria: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees