• Photo of Asimina triloba (Asimina trilobas)

Plant Profile: Asimina triloba

Taxonomy: Asimina triloba

Names

Common Pawpaw, Pawpaw

  • Photo of Asimina triloba (Asimina trilobas)

Phonetic Spelling:ah-SIH-min-ah trih-LO-bah

Genus:Asimina

Species:triloba

Family:Annonaceae

Asimina triloba, commonly known as pawpaw, is a deciduous tree that can reach heights of 20 to 30 feet. Its leaves are arranged alternately and emit a strong scent when crushed. The tree's bark is smooth and features wart-like lenticels. In the spring, it produces purplish-brown flowers with six petals. By late summer to early fall, the tree bears fruit that measures between 2.5 and 6 inches, resembling a short, plump banana in both size and flavor, making it the largest fruit native to North America.

For optimal fruit production, it is advisable to have more than one genetic variety. The tree also showcases attractive yellow foliage in the fall.

Wildlife is particularly fond of the pawpaw fruit, often harvesting it before humans can.

In terms of fire safety, this plant is rated low in flammability.

Seasons of Interest:
- Leaves: Fall
- Blooms: Early spring to spring
- Nut/Fruit/Seed: Late summer to fall

Preferred Habitat: Alluvial forests and other moist, nutrient-rich woodlands.

Asimina triloba Feature Summary

Asimina triloba Image Gallery

Tags

#fragrant
#deciduous
#small tree
#understory
#poisonous
#rain garden
#wildlife plant
#showy
#native tree
#shade tolerant
#native shrub
#beneficial insects
#food source
#low flammability
#NC native
#fire resistant
#colonies
#edible fruits
#edible garden
#Braham Arboretum
#larval host plant
#food source summer
#food source fall
#food source herbage
#coastal FAC
#Piedmont Mountains FAC
#fruits
#bird friendly
#food source soft mast fruit
#butterfly friendly
#ebh
#ebh-fn
#pollinator garden
#audubon
#woodlands
#zebra swallowtail butterfly

Similar Plants

Asimina triloba Feature Summary

Attributes
Early Americans made yellow dye from pulp of the ripened fruit.
Canada and U.S.A., NC
WA south to NM, NE, IA. Parts of WI, MI east to ME, south to FL
Flowers are pollinated by flies and beetles. Edible flesh fruit eaten by songbirds, wild turkeys, squirrels, raccoons, opossums, black bear, and foxes. This plant supports Zebra Swallowtail (Eurytides marcellus) larvae which has two flights between April and August in the north and many flights between March and December in the south. Adult Zebra Swallowtail butterflies feed on moisture from sand as well as flower nectar from plants like milkweed, blueberries, blackberry, lilacs, redbuds, verbenas, and dogbane.
Resistant to fire and moderately resistant to damage from deer.
Mature fruits have a banana custard flavor. Raw berries can be eaten in small quantities but can cause stomach/skin irritation in some people.
low flammability
Fruit
Edible flesh fruit becomes soft and custard-like sweet taste similar to bananas, very nutritious. Glaucous surface. Displays from August to October. This plant needs a pollinator plant to set fruit.
Green
Brown/Copper
Gold/Yellow
> 3 inches
> 3 inches
Flowers
Monoecious purplish-brown 6 petal 1-1.5 inch flowers bloom from March to May. Foul odor as they are pollinated by flies.
Purple/Lavender
Brown/Copper
6 petals/rays
1-3 inches
Leaves
Alternate, simple, obovate to oblong 6-12 inches long 2-3 inches wide with a green pepper odor when crushed. Droops from the stem. Looks compound but is actually simple. Underside is pale and glaucous.
Oblong
Obovate
> 6 inches
1-3 inches
Bark
Smooth, brown splotched with wart-like lenticels. Becomes fissured and scaly with age.
Light Gray
Light Brown
Scaly
Fissured
Lenticels
Stem
Buds are pubescent with no scales. Young buds and stems are cinnamon brown.
Brown/Copper
Conspicuous
No scales, covered in hair
Poisonous to Humans
Stomach and intestinal pain. Skin irritation from handling fruit
Leaves
Fruits
Whole Plant Traits
Shrub
Edible
Tree
Native Plant
Poisonous
Pyramidal
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Acid (<6.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Wet
3 feet-6 feet
12-24 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
Landscape
Edible Garden
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Flowering Tree
Woodland
Naturalized Area
Riparian
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Small Mammals
Poisonous to Humans
Contact Dermatitis
Malodorous

Asimina triloba Attributes

Asimina triloba: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Early Americans made yellow dye from pulp of the ripened fruit.

Asimina triloba: Country Or Region Of Origin

Canada and U.S.A., NC

Asimina triloba: Distribution

WA south to NM, NE, IA. Parts of WI, MI east to ME, south to FL

Asimina triloba: Wildlife Value

Flowers are pollinated by flies and beetles. Edible flesh fruit eaten by songbirds, wild turkeys, squirrels, raccoons, opossums, black bear, and foxes. This plant supports Zebra Swallowtail (Eurytides marcellus) larvae which has two flights between April and August in the north and many flights between March and December in the south. Adult Zebra Swallowtail butterflies feed on moisture from sand as well as flower nectar from plants like milkweed, blueberries, blackberry, lilacs, redbuds, verbenas, and dogbane.

Asimina triloba: Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems)

Resistant to fire and moderately resistant to damage from deer.

Asimina triloba: Edibility

Mature fruits have a banana custard flavor. Raw berries can be eaten in small quantities but can cause stomach/skin irritation in some people.

Asimina triloba: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Asimina triloba: Fire Risk Rating

extreme flammability
high flammability
low flammability
medium flammability

Asimina triloba Fruit

Asimina triloba: Fruit Description

Edible flesh fruit becomes soft and custard-like sweet taste similar to bananas, very nutritious. Glaucous surface. Displays from August to October. This plant needs a pollinator plant to set fruit.

Asimina triloba: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Asimina triloba: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Gold/Yellow
grass
Green

Asimina triloba: Fruit Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Asimina triloba: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Asimina triloba: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Asimina triloba: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Asimina triloba Flowers

Asimina triloba: Flower Description

Monoecious purplish-brown 6 petal 1-1.5 inch flowers bloom from March to May. Foul odor as they are pollinated by flies.

Asimina triloba: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Brown/Copper
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender

Asimina triloba: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Asimina triloba: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Asimina triloba: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Asimina triloba Leaves

Asimina triloba: Leaf Description

Alternate, simple, obovate to oblong 6-12 inches long 2-3 inches wide with a green pepper odor when crushed. Droops from the stem. Looks compound but is actually simple. Underside is pale and glaucous.

Asimina triloba: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Asimina triloba: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Asimina triloba: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Gold/Yellow

Asimina triloba: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Asimina triloba: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Asimina triloba: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Asimina triloba: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Asimina triloba: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Asimina triloba: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Asimina triloba: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Asimina triloba Bark

Asimina triloba: Bark Description

Smooth, brown splotched with wart-like lenticels. Becomes fissured and scaly with age.

Asimina triloba: Bark Color

grass
Light Brown
grass
Light Gray

Asimina triloba: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Asimina triloba Stem

Asimina triloba: Stem Description

Buds are pubescent with no scales. Young buds and stems are cinnamon brown.

Asimina triloba: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper

Asimina triloba: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Asimina triloba: Stem Lenticels

Conspicuous
Not Conspicuous

Asimina triloba: Stem Bud Scales

Enclosed in 2 scales
Enclosed in a single cap like scale
Enclosed in more than 2 scales
No scales, covered in hair

Asimina triloba Poisonous to Humans

Asimina triloba: Poison Symptoms

Stomach and intestinal pain. Skin irritation from handling fruit

Asimina triloba: Poison Toxic Principle

Unknown

Asimina triloba: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Asimina triloba: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Asimina triloba: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Asimina triloba Whole Plant Traits

Asimina triloba: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Asimina triloba: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Asimina triloba: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Asimina triloba: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Asimina triloba: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Asimina triloba Cultural Conditions

Asimina triloba: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Asimina triloba: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Asimina triloba: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Asimina triloba: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Asimina triloba: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Asimina triloba: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Asimina triloba Landscape

Asimina triloba: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Asimina triloba: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Asimina triloba: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Asimina triloba: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Asimina triloba: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Asimina triloba: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy