Plant Profile: Cercis canadensis 'Merlot'

The Merlot Redbud derives its name from the rich hue of its leaves, reminiscent of the Merlot wine. This cultivar was created by Dr. Dennis Werner at North Carolina State University’s Department of Horticultural Science, in collaboration with the JC Ralston Arboretum. 'Merlot' is a hybrid resulting from the crossbreeding of 'Texas White' Texas Redbud and 'Forest Pansy,' which were cultivated side by side at NCSU. The goal of this breeding program was to produce a redbud with purple foliage, featuring smaller, glossy leaves and a semi-upright growth pattern. Seed collection took place in 1998, and by 2002, the seedlings began to bloom.

This variety typically showcases a low canopy, about 1 foot off the ground, and develops a vase-like shape as it matures. It tends to grow densely and maintains a semi-upright form. If left unpruned, it will naturally develop multiple trunks. However, selective pruning during its early years can encourage a more tree-like appearance and foster a robust branch structure.

Unlike other cultivars in its genus, this redbud is resilient to the heat and drought conditions often found in warmer climates. Its smaller, rounded, glossy leaves help it retain moisture and minimize transpiration rates.

The genus name, Cercis, is derived from the Greek term "kerkis," which translates to "weaver's shuttle," a nod to the resemblance of its seed pods to the size and shape of the shuttles used in weaving.

**Wildlife Value:** The flowers of the Merlot Redbud attract bees with their nectar, and once pollinated, they produce leguminous pods that birds can eat. This genus also supports the specialized bee species Habropoda laboriosa.

**Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Issues:** While generally resistant to pests, the Merlot Redbud can be affected by canker, dieback, mildew, blights, and verticillium wilt. Additionally, deer may cause damage to the tree, and its thin bark is susceptible to injury from lawn mowers and trimmers.

For further details on Cercis canadensis, please refer to additional resources.