Plant Profile: Crataegus spathulata

Taxonomy: Crataegus spathulata

Names

Hawthorn, Littlehip Hawthorn, Pasture Hawthorn, Smallfruit Hawthorn, Thornapple

  • Photo of Crataegus spathulata (Crataegus spathulatas)

Phonetic Spelling:krah-TEE-gus spath-yoo-LAY-tuh

Genus:Crataegus

Species:spathulata

Family:Rosaceae

Crataegus, commonly referred to as Hawthorn, encompasses a variety of small deciduous trees and shrubs that thrive across North Carolina, from the low-lying swamps and riverbanks in the east to the elevated mountain ridges in the west. One notable species is Crataegus spathulata, known as Littlehip Hawthorn. This native plant typically grows as a large shrub or a small evergreen tree, characterized by its slender branches, prominent thorns, and striking white flowers that bloom in spring. Its dark green, serrated leaves and vibrant red, edible fruits further enhance its appeal. Littlehip Hawthorn naturally inhabits forests and can also be found on drier or rockier slopes. Although it is considered a rare species, it is not classified as endangered.

The Littlehip Hawthorn's finely textured leaves, which exhibit a bluish hue, along with its red to orange fruits in the autumn, contribute to its charm as an ornamental shrub.

Regarding health concerns, there are currently no known diseases or pest issues affecting this plant.

Crataegus spathulata Feature Summary

Crataegus spathulata Image Gallery

Tags

#hummingbirds
#evergreen
#small tree
#heat tolerant
#white flowers
#wildlife plant
#native tree
#native shrub
#showy fruits
#NC native
#red fruits
#late spring flowers
#evergreen shrub
#larval host plant
#evergreen tree
#mid-spring flowers
#food source herbage
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#coastal FAC
#Piedmont Mountains FAC
#bird friendly
#nectar plant late spring
#mammals
#food source soft mast fruit
#butterfly friendly
#nectar plant mid-spring
#butterfly larvae
#moth larvae
#pollinators
#pollinator garden
#bee friendly
#non-toxic for horses
#non-toxic for dogs
#non-toxic for cats
#audubon
#woodlands
#red-spotted purple butterfly
#gray hairstreak butterfly
#viceroy butterflies

Similar Plants

Crataegus spathulata Feature Summary

Attributes
Wood is strong, hard, and heavy, but with little commercial value.
South East and South Central United States
AL , AR , FL , GA , IL , KY , LA , MO , MS , NC , OK , SC , TN , TX , VA
This plant provides nectar for pollinators. It is a larval host plant for Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax), and Viceroy (Limenitis archippus). Red-spotted Purple and Viceroy rarely use this host plant in North Carolina. Plant provides nesting protection.
Fruit is edible, but usually left for the birds.
Perennial
Woody
Fruit
Bright red fruits become available September and October.
Red/Burgundy
Flowers
White flowers with pale yellow anthers, in flat-topped clusters, with up to 20 small stamens that bloom from April to May. May have an initial unpleasant odor that attracts midges for pollination.
< 1 inch
Leaves
Dark green, notched on the edges, typically 2 to 3 inches long. Leaves veined, not needle-like or scale-like.
Serrate
Crenate
1-3 inches
Bark
This plant has attractive, exfoliating bark. Typically thin and gray that becomes scaly on older stems.
Light Gray
Scaly
Fissured
Exfoliating
Whole Plant Traits
Shrub
Tree
Native Plant
Multi-stemmed
Erect
Dense
Cultural Conditions
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
Landscape
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Native Garden
Flowering Tree
Small Tree
Butterflies
Pollinators
Bees
Moths
Small Mammals
Hummingbirds

Crataegus spathulata Attributes

Crataegus spathulata: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Wood is strong, hard, and heavy, but with little commercial value.

Crataegus spathulata: Country Or Region Of Origin

South East and South Central United States

Crataegus spathulata: Distribution

AL , AR , FL , GA , IL , KY , LA , MO , MS , NC , OK , SC , TN , TX , VA

Crataegus spathulata: Wildlife Value

This plant provides nectar for pollinators. It is a larval host plant for Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax), and Viceroy (Limenitis archippus). Red-spotted Purple and Viceroy rarely use this host plant in North Carolina. Plant provides nesting protection.

Crataegus spathulata: Edibility

Fruit is edible, but usually left for the birds.

Crataegus spathulata: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Crataegus spathulata: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Crataegus spathulata Fruit

Crataegus spathulata: Fruit Description

Bright red fruits become available September and October.

Crataegus spathulata: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Crataegus spathulata: Fruit Color

grass
Red/Burgundy

Crataegus spathulata: Fruit Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Crataegus spathulata: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Crataegus spathulata Flowers

Crataegus spathulata: Flower Description

White flowers with pale yellow anthers, in flat-topped clusters, with up to 20 small stamens that bloom from April to May. May have an initial unpleasant odor that attracts midges for pollination.

Crataegus spathulata: Flower Color

filter_vintage
White

Crataegus spathulata: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Crataegus spathulata: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Crataegus spathulata: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Crataegus spathulata: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Crataegus spathulata Leaves

Crataegus spathulata: Leaf Description

Dark green, notched on the edges, typically 2 to 3 inches long. Leaves veined, not needle-like or scale-like.

Crataegus spathulata: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Crataegus spathulata: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Crataegus spathulata: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Crataegus spathulata: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Crataegus spathulata: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Crataegus spathulata: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Crataegus spathulata: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Crataegus spathulata: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Crataegus spathulata: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Crataegus spathulata Bark

Crataegus spathulata: Bark Description

This plant has attractive, exfoliating bark. Typically thin and gray that becomes scaly on older stems.

Crataegus spathulata: Bark Color

grass
Light Gray

Crataegus spathulata: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Crataegus spathulata Whole Plant Traits

Crataegus spathulata: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Crataegus spathulata: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Crataegus spathulata: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Crataegus spathulata: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Crataegus spathulata: Appendage

Prickles
Spines
Tendrils
Thorns

Crataegus spathulata Cultural Conditions

Crataegus spathulata: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Crataegus spathulata: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Crataegus spathulata: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Crataegus spathulata: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Crataegus spathulata: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Crataegus spathulata Stem

Crataegus spathulata: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Crataegus spathulata: Stem Form

Straight
Zig Zags

Crataegus spathulata Landscape

Crataegus spathulata: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Crataegus spathulata: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Crataegus spathulata: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Crataegus spathulata: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Crataegus spathulata: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees