• Photo of Dianthus (Dianthuss)

Plant Profile: Dianthus

Taxonomy: Dianthus

Names

Carnation, Cheddar Pinks, Clove Pinks, Cottage Pinks, Eastern Star, Gillyflowers, Maiden Pinks, Pinks, Rainbow Pinks, Sweet William

  • Photo of Dianthus (Dianthuss)

Phonetic Spelling:dy-AN-thus

Genus:Dianthus

Species:

Family:Caryophyllaceae

The Dianthus genus encompasses more than 27,000 recognized cultivars, which can be cultivated as annuals, biennials, or evergreen perennials.

The flowers feature five petals and are known for their delightful fragrance, appearing in shades of pink-lilac, pink-purple, or white, often adorned with picotee edges. The term 'pinks' refers not to their color but to the frilled or fringed edges that resemble the cuts made by pinking shears.

For optimal growth, Dianthus should be planted in full sunlight, although it can manage in partial shade. It thrives in well-drained soil with good air circulation to prevent root rot and fungal issues. While it can adapt to various soil types, it prefers neutral to slightly alkaline conditions but can also tolerate some acidity.

When grown organically, the petals of Dianthus flowers are edible and are frequently crystallized with sugar for cake decoration. However, caution is advised, as the leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort if ingested and can lead to slight skin irritation upon contact.

This plant is generally resistant to deer but may be susceptible to rabbits, which will feed on it.

Dianthus Feature Summary

Dianthus Image Gallery

Tags

#purple
#white
#showy flowers
#poisonous
#full sun tolerant
#fragrant flowers
#small spaces
#houseplant
#annual
#drought tolerant
#perennial
#pink flowers
#edible flowers
#cut flowers
#cottage garden
#cpp
#well-drained soil
#spreading
#neutral ph
#summer flowers
#deer resistant
#rock gardens
#borders
#spring interest
#pollinator plant
#edible garden
#asian garden
#urban conditions tolerant
#dry soils tolerant
#patio
#butterfly friendly
#fringed flowers
#florist
#HS302
#problem for cats
#problem for dogs
#bee friendly
#problem for horses
#guilford crevice garden
#container plants

Similar Plants

Dianthus Feature Summary

Attributes
Carnation petals have been used to make the French liqueur Chartreuse. Crystallized petals are used for decorating cakes, fresh petals can be used in salads. The bitter petal base is not edible. The leaves should not be eaten as they are mildly toxic.
Eurasia, southern Africa
Attracts butterflies and other insect pollinators.
Petals are edible (when free of pesticide and herbicide residues)
Perennial
Annual
Biennial
Seed
Stem Cutting
Division
Layering
Fruit
cylindric, or rarely ovoid, releasing seeds by 4 teeth or valves.
Flowers
The flower has five petals that are flattened and may be found as densely clustered flower heads, open cymes, and rarely as a solitary flower. They are usually self-sterile, requiring pollen from another plant for fertilization.
Pink
Purple/Lavender
White
Red/Burgundy
Variegated
Fragrant
Good Cut
Showy
Edible
Spring
Summer
4-5 petals/rays
Bracts
1-3 inches
Leaves
Narrow leaves that are 2-3" long, often glaucous grey-green or blue-green, pinnate venation. Often found as parallel pairs on nodes at right angles to each other on the stem.
Green
Gray/Silver
Linear
Acicular
Oblong
Lanceolate
Oblanceolate
1-3 inches
< 1 inch
Stem
terete or angular, articulated, dilated at nodes
Green
Gray/Silver
Poisonous to Humans
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Edible
Herbaceous Perennial
Poisonous
Houseplant
Rounded
Erect
Mounding
Spreading
Clumping
Cascading
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Occasionally Dry
12 inches-3 feet
Less than 12 inches
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
Cottage Garden
Asian Garden
Border
Foundation Planting
Mass Planting
Small groups
Drought
Deer
Pollution
Urban Conditions
Dry Soil
Container
Patio
Walkways
Small Space
Slope/Bank
Rock Wall
Houseplants
Hanging Baskets
Butterflies
Pollinators
Bees
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Problem for Children

Dianthus Attributes

Dianthus: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Carnation petals have been used to make the French liqueur Chartreuse. Crystallized petals are used for decorating cakes, fresh petals can be used in salads. The bitter petal base is not edible. The leaves should not be eaten as they are mildly toxic.

Dianthus: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eurasia, southern Africa

Dianthus: Wildlife Value

Attracts butterflies and other insect pollinators.

Dianthus: Edibility

Petals are edible (when free of pesticide and herbicide residues)

Dianthus: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Dianthus: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Dianthus Fruit

Dianthus: Fruit Description

cylindric, or rarely ovoid, releasing seeds by 4 teeth or valves.

Dianthus: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Dianthus Flowers

Dianthus: Flower Description

The flower has five petals that are flattened and may be found as densely clustered flower heads, open cymes, and rarely as a solitary flower. They are usually self-sterile, requiring pollen from another plant for fertilization.

Dianthus: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Pink
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy
filter_vintage
Variegated
filter_vintage
White

Dianthus: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Dianthus: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Dianthus: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Dianthus: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Dianthus: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Dianthus: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Dianthus Leaves

Dianthus: Leaf Description

Narrow leaves that are 2-3" long, often glaucous grey-green or blue-green, pinnate venation. Often found as parallel pairs on nodes at right angles to each other on the stem.

Dianthus: Leaf Color

spa
Gray/Silver
spa
Green

Dianthus: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Insignificant

Dianthus: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Dianthus: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Dianthus: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Dianthus: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Dianthus: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Dianthus: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Dianthus: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Dianthus: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Dianthus Stem

Dianthus: Stem Description

terete or angular, articulated, dilated at nodes

Dianthus: Stem Color

grass
Gray/Silver
grass
Green

Dianthus: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Dianthus Poisonous to Humans

Dianthus: Poison Symptoms

Dermatitis, vomiting

Dianthus: Poison Toxic Principle

Triterpenoid saponins

Dianthus: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Dianthus: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Dianthus: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Dianthus Whole Plant Traits

Dianthus: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Dianthus: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Dianthus: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Dianthus: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Dianthus: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Dianthus Cultural Conditions

Dianthus: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Dianthus: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Dianthus: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Dianthus: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Dianthus: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Dianthus: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Dianthus: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Dianthus Landscape

Dianthus: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Dianthus: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Dianthus: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Dianthus: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Dianthus: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Dianthus: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy