• Photo of Geranium maculatum (Geranium maculatums)

Plant Profile: Geranium maculatum

Taxonomy: Geranium maculatum

Names

Cranesbill, Crane's Bill Geranium, Spotted Geranium, Wild Geranium

  • Photo of Geranium maculatum (Geranium maculatums)

Phonetic Spelling:jer-AY-nee-um mak-yuh-LAH-tum

Genus:Geranium

Species:manculatum

Family:

Wild geranium, a perennial flower belonging to the Geraniaceae family, thrives in optimal growing conditions and can easily establish itself in the wild. It typically grows in base-rich, mesic forests, favoring light shade to partial sunlight, and prefers moist to slightly dry environments with rich, loamy soil rich in organic matter. While it flourishes in these conditions, it can also withstand full sun if adequately watered. This plant is straightforward to cultivate and is among the most visually striking of the native Cranesbills. However, during the peak summer heat, its foliage may yellow and decline, so it’s advisable to prune it back for reshaping.

The Spotted Geranium is a herbaceous perennial that can reach heights of 1 to 2 feet. Its leaves are arranged oppositely, lobed, and have a serrated edge. The plant produces pink or light purple flowers that bloom from mid-spring to late spring.

With its attractive, deeply lobed leaves, the Spotted Geranium showcases saucer-shaped flowers in shades of pink to lilac during the spring. It is ideal for mass planting as ground cover, in woodland gardens, or in native and pollinator-friendly landscapes. This plant forms clumps and includes cultivars that feature white flowers and dark foliage.

The Spotted Geranium has fibrous roots along with a shallow taproot.

In terms of pests and diseases, this plant does not face significant issues; however, it is advisable to keep an eye out for snails and slugs. Rust and leaf spot may occasionally appear.

Geranium maculatum Feature Summary

Geranium maculatum Image Gallery

Tags

#fall color
#wildlife plant
#showy
#nectar plant
#fall interest
#rabbit resistant
#playground
#small mammals
#specialized bees
#food source
#low flammability
#NC native
#children's garden
#fire resistant
#pollinator plant
#edible garden
#native wildflower
#food source summer
#food source herbage
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#bird friendly
#nectar plant late spring
#dry soils tolerant
#food source hard mast fruit
#mammals
#butterfly friendly
#nectar plant early summer
#nectar plant mid-spring
#Piedmont Mountains FACU
#Coastal FACU
#pollinator garden
#bee friendly
#audubon
#woodlands

Similar Plants

Geranium maculatum is often confused with:

Geranium maculatum Feature Summary

Attributes
Medicinally used by Native Americans to treat diarrhea and open sores or wounds.
SE. Canada to Central & Eastern U.S.A
USA: AL , AR , CT , DC , DE , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , ME , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , ND , NH , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , RI , SC , SD , TN , VA , VT , WI , WV Canada: MB , NL , NS , ON , QC
Nectar from flowers attracts butterflies, bees and other pollinators. Songbirds eat the seeds. Members of the genus Geranium support the following specialized bee: Andrena (Ptilandrena) distans. Tolerates damage by deer and rabbits.
Teas can be made from the plant
Perennial
Annual
Edible fruit
Wildlife Food Source
Attracts Pollinators
Attractive Flowers
low flammability
Fruit
Beaked seed capsules give rise to the common name of crane's bill. Fruit is available May-July.
Flowers
2-5 flowers in umbrels or corymbs are 1 1/4 inches wide and are pink to lilac in color with fine veins radiating across the petals that function as nectar guides. They are upward-facing, saucer-shaped blooms from April to June.
Pink
Purple/Lavender
White
Red/Burgundy
Blue
Corymb
Cyme
Umbel
Spring
Summer
4-5 petals/rays
Colored Sepals
Star
Saucer
1-3 inches
Leaves
A loose cluster of green basal leaves and a pair of opposite stem leaves near the base are 3-6 inches long and wide and are deeply cut with 5 lobes. The upper stem leaves have 3 lobes and are smaller. The margins have coarse teeth. The upper surface of the leaf has fine hairs while the lower surface has coarse hairs.
Simple
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Palmatifid
Lobed
Serrate
3-6 inches
3-6 inches
Stem
Round green or reddish stems with hair
Green
Red/Burgundy
Hairy (pubescent)
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Native Plant
Wildflower
Herb
Ground Cover
Mounding
Spreading
Low
Medium
Coarse
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Acid (<6.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Wet
Less than 12 inches
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
3a
3b
9a
9b
10a
10b
11a
11b
Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Children's Garden
Native Garden
Mass Planting
Rabbits
Dry Soil
Fire
Woodland
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Small Mammals
Specialized Bees

Geranium maculatum Attributes

Geranium maculatum: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Medicinally used by Native Americans to treat diarrhea and open sores or wounds.

Geranium maculatum: Country Or Region Of Origin

SE. Canada to Central & Eastern U.S.A

Geranium maculatum: Distribution

USA: AL , AR , CT , DC , DE , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , ME , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , ND , NH , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , RI , SC , SD , TN , VA , VT , WI , WV Canada: MB , NL , NS , ON , QC

Geranium maculatum: Wildlife Value

Nectar from flowers attracts butterflies, bees and other pollinators. Songbirds eat the seeds. Members of the genus Geranium support the following specialized bee: Andrena (Ptilandrena) distans. Tolerates damage by deer and rabbits.

Geranium maculatum: Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems)

fire in the landscape.

Geranium maculatum: Edibility

Teas can be made from the plant

Geranium maculatum: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Geranium maculatum: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Geranium maculatum: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Geranium maculatum: Fire Risk Rating

extreme flammability
high flammability
low flammability
medium flammability

Geranium maculatum Fruit

Geranium maculatum: Fruit Description

Beaked seed capsules give rise to the common name of crane's bill. Fruit is available May-July.

Geranium maculatum: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Geranium maculatum: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Geranium maculatum Flowers

Geranium maculatum: Flower Description

2-5 flowers in umbrels or corymbs are 1 1/4 inches wide and are pink to lilac in color with fine veins radiating across the petals that function as nectar guides. They are upward-facing, saucer-shaped blooms from April to June.

Geranium maculatum: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Blue
filter_vintage
Pink
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy
filter_vintage
White

Geranium maculatum: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Geranium maculatum: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Geranium maculatum: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Geranium maculatum: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Geranium maculatum: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Geranium maculatum: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Geranium maculatum Leaves

Geranium maculatum: Leaf Description

A loose cluster of green basal leaves and a pair of opposite stem leaves near the base are 3-6 inches long and wide and are deeply cut with 5 lobes. The upper stem leaves have 3 lobes and are smaller. The margins have coarse teeth. The upper surface of the leaf has fine hairs while the lower surface has coarse hairs.

Geranium maculatum: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Geranium maculatum: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Geranium maculatum: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Geranium maculatum: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Geranium maculatum: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Geranium maculatum: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Geranium maculatum: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Geranium maculatum: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Geranium maculatum: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Geranium maculatum: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Geranium maculatum Stem

Geranium maculatum: Stem Description

Round green or reddish stems with hair

Geranium maculatum: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy

Geranium maculatum: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Geranium maculatum: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Geranium maculatum: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Geranium maculatum Whole Plant Traits

Geranium maculatum: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Geranium maculatum: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Geranium maculatum: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Geranium maculatum: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Geranium maculatum: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Geranium maculatum: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Geranium maculatum Cultural Conditions

Geranium maculatum: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Geranium maculatum: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Geranium maculatum: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Geranium maculatum: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Geranium maculatum: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Geranium maculatum: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
10a
thermostat
10b
thermostat
11a
thermostat
11b
thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Geranium maculatum: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Geranium maculatum Landscape

Geranium maculatum: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Geranium maculatum: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Geranium maculatum: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Geranium maculatum: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Geranium maculatum: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees