• Photo of Juniperus horizontalis (Juniperus horizontaliss)

Plant Profile: Juniperus horizontalis

Taxonomy: Juniperus horizontalis

Names

Creeping Juniper

  • Photo of Juniperus horizontalis (Juniperus horizontaliss)

Phonetic Spelling:jew-NIP-er-us hor-ih-zon-TAL-iss

Genus:Juniperus

Species:horizontalis

Family:Cupressaceae

Creeping Juniper is a low-growing native shrub that typically reaches heights of up to 1.5 feet, with branches capable of spreading to create a dense mat that can extend as wide as 10 feet. This plant thrives in rocky or sandy soils, often found in environments ranging from rocky outcrops to stream banks. It exhibits resilience to drought and deer, and shows moderate tolerance to salt. Creeping Juniper is quite versatile regarding soil types and pH levels, provided the soil is well-drained. While it is indigenous to North America, its presence is primarily concentrated in the Northern United States, appearing more sporadically in rocky regions.

Numerous cultivars are available, making it an excellent choice for ground cover in arid locations such as slopes, rock gardens, or along retaining walls.

Juniperus horizontalis Feature Summary

Juniperus horizontalis Image Gallery

Tags

#evergreen
#full sun tolerant
#drought tolerant
#small shrub
#salt tolerant
#tsc
#erosion control
#spreading
#deer resistant
#groundcover
#sandy soils tolerant
#rocky soils tolerant
#tsc-cg

Similar Plants

Juniperus horizontalis Feature Summary

Attributes
Northern North America into Canada
Deer resistant
Fruit
Blue 2 to 3-seeded berry-like cone on recurved stalks appear the second year after pollination. They are less than 1/2 inch wide. May or may not be present on cultivars.
< 1 inch
Flowers
Male cones have a cluster of yellowish stamens up to 5 mm. long. Female cones have a cluster of small scales during their first year. Wind pollinated. Appear late spring or summer.
Spring
Summer
Leaves
The mature leaves are scale-like with scales closely pressed to stem and found in a four rank pattern. Young leaves are awl-like in opposite pairs. Color is green to blue-green in summer. May take on a purplish hue in winter
Green
Blue
Needles
Lanceolate
< 1 inch
Bark
Reddish-brown and peeling
Dark Brown
Red/Burgundy
Stem
Branchlets are brown and smooth. New growth is yellow-green
Brown/Copper
Green
Gold/Yellow
Whole Plant Traits
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Acid (<6.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
3a
3b
9a
9b
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Rock Garden
Mass Planting
Slope/Bank
Rock Wall
Coastal

Juniperus horizontalis Attributes

Juniperus horizontalis: Country Or Region Of Origin

Northern North America into Canada

Juniperus horizontalis: Wildlife Value

Deer resistant

Juniperus horizontalis: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Juniperus horizontalis Fruit

Juniperus horizontalis: Fruit Description

Blue 2 to 3-seeded berry-like cone on recurved stalks appear the second year after pollination. They are less than 1/2 inch wide. May or may not be present on cultivars.

Juniperus horizontalis: Fruit Color

grass
Blue

Juniperus horizontalis: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Juniperus horizontalis: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Juniperus horizontalis Flowers

Juniperus horizontalis: Flower Description

Male cones have a cluster of yellowish stamens up to 5 mm. long. Female cones have a cluster of small scales during their first year. Wind pollinated. Appear late spring or summer.

Juniperus horizontalis: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Juniperus horizontalis Leaves

Juniperus horizontalis: Leaf Description

The mature leaves are scale-like with scales closely pressed to stem and found in a four rank pattern. Young leaves are awl-like in opposite pairs. Color is green to blue-green in summer. May take on a purplish hue in winter

Juniperus horizontalis: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Juniperus horizontalis: Leaf Color

spa
Blue
spa
Green

Juniperus horizontalis: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Juniperus horizontalis: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Juniperus horizontalis: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Juniperus horizontalis: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Juniperus horizontalis: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Juniperus horizontalis: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Juniperus horizontalis Bark

Juniperus horizontalis: Bark Description

Reddish-brown and peeling

Juniperus horizontalis: Bark Color

grass
Dark Brown
grass
Red/Burgundy

Juniperus horizontalis: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Juniperus horizontalis Stem

Juniperus horizontalis: Stem Description

Branchlets are brown and smooth. New growth is yellow-green

Juniperus horizontalis: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Gold/Yellow
grass
Green

Juniperus horizontalis: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Juniperus horizontalis Whole Plant Traits

Juniperus horizontalis: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Juniperus horizontalis: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Juniperus horizontalis: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Juniperus horizontalis: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Juniperus horizontalis: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Juniperus horizontalis: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Juniperus horizontalis Cultural Conditions

Juniperus horizontalis: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Juniperus horizontalis: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Juniperus horizontalis: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Juniperus horizontalis: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Juniperus horizontalis: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Juniperus horizontalis: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Juniperus horizontalis: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Juniperus horizontalis Landscape

Juniperus horizontalis: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Juniperus horizontalis: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Juniperus horizontalis: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Juniperus horizontalis: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland