• Photo of Medeola virginiana (Medeola virginianas)

Plant Profile: Medeola virginiana

Taxonomy: Medeola virginiana

Names

Indian Cucumber-Root

  • Photo of Medeola virginiana (Medeola virginianas)

Phonetic Spelling:med-EE-oh-luh vir-jin-ee-AN-uh

Genus:Medeola

Species:virginiana

Family:Liliaceae

Medeola virginiana, often referred to as Indian cucumber root, is a delicate, upright perennial wildflower that usually reaches heights of 1 to 2.5 feet. Each year, it emerges from a crisp, edible rhizome, featuring a single, unbranched stem. This plant thrives in the rich, moist woodlands of eastern North America, particularly in areas with acidic soil. The leaves situated beneath the fruit exhibit red patches on their surface, which correspond to the hue of the dark fruit.

Medeola virginiana Feature Summary

Medeola virginiana Image Gallery

Tags

#fall color
#wildlife plant
#fall interest
#small mammals
#NC native
#whorled
#edible roots
#edible garden
#native wildflower
#Piedmont Mountains FAC
#bird friendly
#food source soft mast fruit
#Coastal FACU
#audubon
#woodlands

Similar Plants

Medeola virginiana is often confused with:

Medeola virginiana Feature Summary

Attributes
Eastern Canada to Eastern Central & Eastern U.S.A
Canada to Florida in moist, deciduous woods
Attracts birds.
The thickened rootstalk of this plant may be eaten raw, resembling somewhat the taste of cucumber. It may also be used in salads. Although Native Americans used the rootstalk for food, this is no longer recommended because plants are becoming quite scarce in many regions.
Perennial
Fruit
Dark blue berries with red pedicel- inedible. Fruits are available September-October.
Purple/Lavender
Blue
Flowers
Nodding yellow-green flower on top of a slender, woolly unbranched stem; petals and sepals curve backward. Flowers bloom April-June
Gold/Yellow
Green
Spring
Summer
Tubular
Trumpet
< 1 inch
Leaves
Upper whorl of three 1-3 in. leaves; lower whorl of 6-10 leaves, 2.5-5 in. long; all are ovate to lanceolate. They become purple-tinged when in fruit.
Ovate
Lanceolate
3-6 inches
Stem
White hairy when young
Gray/Silver
White
Hairy (pubescent)
Straight
Whole Plant Traits
Native Plant
Wildflower
Cultural Conditions
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Good Drainage
Moist
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
3a
3b
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Rain Garden
Native Garden
Water Garden
Mass Planting
Specimen
Songbirds
Small Mammals

Medeola virginiana Attributes

Medeola virginiana: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern Canada to Eastern Central & Eastern U.S.A

Medeola virginiana: Distribution

Canada to Florida in moist, deciduous woods

Medeola virginiana: Wildlife Value

Attracts birds.

Medeola virginiana: Edibility

The thickened rootstalk of this plant may be eaten raw, resembling somewhat the taste of cucumber. It may also be used in salads. Although Native Americans used the rootstalk for food, this is no longer recommended because plants are becoming quite scarce in many regions.

Medeola virginiana: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Medeola virginiana Fruit

Medeola virginiana: Fruit Description

Dark blue berries with red pedicel- inedible. Fruits are available September-October.

Medeola virginiana: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Medeola virginiana: Fruit Color

grass
Blue
grass
Purple/Lavender

Medeola virginiana: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Medeola virginiana: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Medeola virginiana Flowers

Medeola virginiana: Flower Description

Nodding yellow-green flower on top of a slender, woolly unbranched stem; petals and sepals curve backward. Flowers bloom April-June

Medeola virginiana: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Green

Medeola virginiana: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Medeola virginiana: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Medeola virginiana: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Medeola virginiana Leaves

Medeola virginiana: Leaf Description

Upper whorl of three 1-3 in. leaves; lower whorl of 6-10 leaves, 2.5-5 in. long; all are ovate to lanceolate. They become purple-tinged when in fruit.

Medeola virginiana: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Medeola virginiana: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Purple/Lavender

Medeola virginiana: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Medeola virginiana: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Medeola virginiana: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Medeola virginiana: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Medeola virginiana: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Medeola virginiana Stem

Medeola virginiana: Stem Description

White hairy when young

Medeola virginiana: Stem Color

grass
Gray/Silver
grass
White

Medeola virginiana: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Medeola virginiana: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Medeola virginiana: Stem Form

Straight
Zig Zags

Medeola virginiana: Stem Buds

Hairy
Hairy tips
Scaly
Smooth/Hairless

Medeola virginiana Whole Plant Traits

Medeola virginiana: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Medeola virginiana: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Medeola virginiana: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Medeola virginiana Cultural Conditions

Medeola virginiana: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Medeola virginiana: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Medeola virginiana: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Medeola virginiana: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Medeola virginiana: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Medeola virginiana: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Medeola virginiana Landscape

Medeola virginiana: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Medeola virginiana: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Medeola virginiana: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Medeola virginiana: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees