Phonetic Spelling:MOR-us ROO-brah
Genus:Morus
Species:rubra
Family:Moraceae
Morus rubra, commonly known as Red Mulberry, is a deciduous tree that can reach heights of up to 30 feet, featuring a short trunk approximately 2 feet in diameter and a dense, spreading canopy. This species thrives across North Carolina, predominantly in the fertile, red soils of the lower and central regions, although it can be found statewide. Notably, it is the only native mulberry species in the area.
The leaves of the Red Mulberry are arranged alternately, are thin and somewhat heart-shaped, with a rough texture and serrated edges, and can have up to three lobes. The bark is characterized by a gray-brown hue and long, scaly ridges. In the spring, the tree produces slender, cylindrical flowers that are pale green and come in male and female forms. By summer, the tree bears clusters of drupes measuring between 1 to 1.25 inches in length. These fruits resemble blackberries but can be toxic if consumed while unripe, as can the milky sap produced by all parts of the tree. However, ripe fruits are safe to eat.
For optimal growth, the Red Mulberry prefers rich, moist, well-drained soils and thrives best in full sunlight, although it can tolerate partial shade. To prevent sap bleeding, it is advisable to prune the tree in late fall or winter. This species can be easily propagated from seeds or cuttings and may also self-seed quite abundantly. It does not perform well in poor soil conditions.
While the fruits are a favorite among birds, fallen fruit can lead to maintenance challenges, such as staining concrete surfaces, patios, and vehicles. Therefore, it is important to consider the tree's canopy spread when selecting a planting site. Additionally, these trees can become invasive, and hand-pulling young seedlings is the most effective management strategy, as herbicides tend to be ineffective.
In terms of pests and diseases, Red Mulberry may face issues with borers, particularly in southern regions. Whiteflies can also be found in some trees. Other potential problems include bacterial blight, which can damage foliage and branches, as well as coral spot cankers that may lead to twig dieback. Additionally, bacterial leaf scorch, powdery mildew, root rot, and witches' broom can occur. It is important to monitor for scale, mites, and mealybugs, as well as to be aware of the tree's tendency to self-seed and produce messy fruit.
