Plant Profile: Onoclea sensibilis

The sensitive fern is a sizable, somewhat rugged deciduous fern that thrives in damp woodlands, thickets, and moist soils near streams and springs. It can reach heights of up to 4 feet. This fern showcases long-stalked, deeply divided, vibrant green fronds (ranging from 2 to 4 feet) that feature leathery, triangular leaflets with distinctive net-like veins. In contrast, the shorter, upright fertile fronds, which can grow up to 12 inches tall, have bead-like segments and typically turn brown by late summer, remaining through the rest of the season and into winter. It earns its name "sensitive fern" because the green vegetative fronds are particularly vulnerable to frost, suffering immediate damage from the first fall chill. Additionally, this fern is also susceptible to drought conditions.

For optimal growth, sensitive fern prefers organically rich, moderately moist, well-drained soil in partial to full shade. It requires consistent moisture to flourish. While it is native to swampy and marshy environments, it adapts well to average garden soil as long as it remains adequately moist, although it performs best in its natural habitat. In wet conditions, where it thrives, it tends to grow taller, making it an excellent choice for providing shelter. The plant propagates through both creeping rhizomes and spores and can become somewhat aggressive under ideal growing circumstances. The fertile fronds of this fern are particularly attractive in dried floral arrangements.

**Seasons of Interest:**
- **Leaf:** Summer

**Insects, Diseases, or Other Plant Problems:** In hot climates, the foliage may decline as summer progresses, especially if the soil is not kept adequately moist.