• Photo of Quercus muehlenbergii (Quercus muehlenbergiis)

Plant Profile: Quercus muehlenbergii

Taxonomy: Quercus muehlenbergii

Names

Chinkapin Oak, Chinquapin Oak, Oaks

  • Photo of Quercus muehlenbergii (Quercus muehlenbergiis)

Phonetic Spelling:KWER-kus mew-len-BERG-ee-eye

Genus:Quercus

Species:muehlenbergii

Family:Fagaceae

The chinkapin oak belongs to the white oak family and features leaves reminiscent of chestnut trees. Unlike many of its white oak relatives, this species thrives in alkaline soils, requiring a pH level above 7. It is a visually appealing tree that flourishes in well-drained soil, whether moist or dry, and shows versatility across various soil types. Its light gray bark and branching pattern create an attractive outline during the winter months. However, its long taproot poses challenges for transplantation. The tree produces acorns each year, which attract a variety of birds and mammals.

Although not commonly cultivated and sometimes hard to locate, the chinkapin oak would serve well as a shade or street tree.

In terms of pests and diseases, this tree is relatively resilient, showing resistance to oak wilt and other common issues.

Quercus muehlenbergii Feature Summary

Quercus muehlenbergii Image Gallery

Tags

#deciduous
#shade tree
#full sun tolerant
#drought tolerant
#wildlife plant
#moths
#street tree
#NC native
#deer resistant
#acorns
#nighttime garden
#oak
#alkaline soil tolerant
#Braham Arboretum
#larval host plant
#butterfly friendly
#moth larvae
#pollinator garden
#problem for horses
#banded hairstreak butterfly
#gray hairstreak butterfly
#imperial moth
#juvenal’s duskywing butterfly
#edward’s hairstreak butterfly
#white-m hairstreak butterfly
#horace’s duskywing butterfly

Similar Plants

Quercus muehlenbergii is often confused with:

Quercus muehlenbergii Feature Summary

Attributes
Wood has many uses including barrels, fencing, crossties, fuel and occasionally furniture.
S. Ontario to Central & Eastern U.S.A., North Eastern Mexico
AL , AR , CT , DC , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , NE , NJ , NM , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , TN , TX , VA , VT , WI , WV. Found in an entire half of the continental US from New Mexico, Nebraska and Minnesota eastwards.
Mildly resistant to deer. Many mammals and birds are attracted to the acorns. Oak trees support a wide variety of Lepidopteran. You may see Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Banded Hairstreak (Satyrium calanus), which have one flight from June-August everywhere but Florida where they emerge April-May. Edward's Hairstreak (Satyrium edwardsii), has one flight from May-July in the south and June-July in the north. Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), has three to four flights in the south from February-November and two flights in the north from May-September. White-M Hairstreak (Parrhasius m-album) has three broods in the north from February-October. Horace’s Duskywing (Erynnis horatius) has three broods in Texas and the deep south from January-November, and two broods in the north from April-September. Juvenal’s Duskywing (Erynnis juvenalis) has one brood from April-June, appearing as early as January in Florida.
Acorns (nuts) are edible after tannins are leached or boiled out.
Perennial
Woody
Fruit
1/2-1 inch long oval light brown acorns are produced annually with 1-2 acorns per stem. They have a thin grey pubescent cup that covers 1/4- 1/2 of the nut.
Brown/Copper
< 1 inch
Flowers
Pollen flowers in drooping, elongated clusters. Female flowers short-stemmed in axils of the leaves.
Gold/Yellow
Insignificant
Catkin
Leaves
4- 8 in. shiny green leaves have a smooth upper surface and dull under surface and may have white hairs. Margins are described as either small-lobed or toothed and may or may not be wavy. The tip is pointed (acute) and the base is rounded or acute. Fall color is variable from yellows to browns.
Green
Gold/Yellow
Red/Burgundy
Brown/Copper
Gold/Yellow
Oblong
Obovate
Oblanceolate
Lobed
Dentate
Undulate
> 6 inches
Glossy
Leathery
3-6 inches
Bark
The bark is thin, light gray, rough and irregularly fissured.
Light Gray
Stem
Orange-brown twigs change to brown on the current year’s growth with scattered white lenticels.
Brown/Copper
Gray/Silver
Orange
Smooth (glabrous)
Cluster of terminal buds
Poisonous to Humans
Stomach pain, constipation and later bloody diarrhea, excessive thirst and urination when young leaves or raw acorns are eaten.
Gallotannins, quercitrin, and quercitin.
Leaves
Fruits
Whole Plant Traits
Tree
Native Plant
Poisonous
Rounded
Open
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Occasionally Dry
more than 60 feet
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
3a
3b
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Drought Tolerant Garden
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Nighttime Garden
Shade Tree
Street Tree
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Moths
Small Mammals
Problem for Horses

Quercus muehlenbergii Attributes

Quercus muehlenbergii: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Wood has many uses including barrels, fencing, crossties, fuel and occasionally furniture.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Country Or Region Of Origin

S. Ontario to Central & Eastern U.S.A., North Eastern Mexico

Quercus muehlenbergii: Distribution

AL , AR , CT , DC , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , NE , NJ , NM , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , TN , TX , VA , VT , WI , WV. Found in an entire half of the continental US from New Mexico, Nebraska and Minnesota eastwards.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Wildlife Value

Mildly resistant to deer. Many mammals and birds are attracted to the acorns. Oak trees support a wide variety of Lepidopteran. You may see Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Banded Hairstreak (Satyrium calanus), which have one flight from June-August everywhere but Florida where they emerge April-May. Edward's Hairstreak (Satyrium edwardsii), has one flight from May-July in the south and June-July in the north. Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), has three to four flights in the south from February-November and two flights in the north from May-September. White-M Hairstreak (Parrhasius m-album) has three broods in the north from February-October. Horace’s Duskywing (Erynnis horatius) has three broods in Texas and the deep south from January-November, and two broods in the north from April-September. Juvenal’s Duskywing (Erynnis juvenalis) has one brood from April-June, appearing as early as January in Florida.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Edibility

Acorns (nuts) are edible after tannins are leached or boiled out.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Quercus muehlenbergii: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Quercus muehlenbergii Fruit

Quercus muehlenbergii: Fruit Description

1/2-1 inch long oval light brown acorns are produced annually with 1-2 acorns per stem. They have a thin grey pubescent cup that covers 1/4- 1/2 of the nut.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Quercus muehlenbergii: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper

Quercus muehlenbergii: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Quercus muehlenbergii: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Quercus muehlenbergii: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Quercus muehlenbergii Flowers

Quercus muehlenbergii: Flower Description

Pollen flowers in drooping, elongated clusters. Female flowers short-stemmed in axils of the leaves.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow

Quercus muehlenbergii: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Quercus muehlenbergii: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Quercus muehlenbergii Leaves

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Description

4- 8 in. shiny green leaves have a smooth upper surface and dull under surface and may have white hairs. Margins are described as either small-lobed or toothed and may or may not be wavy. The tip is pointed (acute) and the base is rounded or acute. Fall color is variable from yellows to browns.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Color

spa
Gold/Yellow
spa
Green
spa
Red/Burgundy

Quercus muehlenbergii: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Brown/Copper
spa
Gold/Yellow

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Quercus muehlenbergii: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Quercus muehlenbergii: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Quercus muehlenbergii Bark

Quercus muehlenbergii: Bark Description

The bark is thin, light gray, rough and irregularly fissured.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Bark Color

grass
Light Gray

Quercus muehlenbergii: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Quercus muehlenbergii: Bark Plate Shape

Diamond
Irregular
Oval
Rectangle
Round
Square

Quercus muehlenbergii Stem

Quercus muehlenbergii: Stem Description

Orange-brown twigs change to brown on the current year’s growth with scattered white lenticels.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Gray/Silver
grass
Orange

Quercus muehlenbergii: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Quercus muehlenbergii: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Quercus muehlenbergii: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Quercus muehlenbergii: Stem Bud Terminal

Cluster of terminal buds
Only 1 terminal bud, larger than side buds
Only 1 terminal bud, smaller than side buds

Quercus muehlenbergii Poisonous to Humans

Quercus muehlenbergii: Poison Symptoms

Stomach pain, constipation and later bloody diarrhea, excessive thirst and urination when young leaves or raw acorns are eaten.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Poison Toxic Principle

Gallotannins, quercitrin, and quercitin.

Quercus muehlenbergii: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Quercus muehlenbergii: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Quercus muehlenbergii: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Quercus muehlenbergii Whole Plant Traits

Quercus muehlenbergii: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Quercus muehlenbergii: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Quercus muehlenbergii: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Quercus muehlenbergii: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Quercus muehlenbergii: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Quercus muehlenbergii: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Quercus muehlenbergii Cultural Conditions

Quercus muehlenbergii: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Quercus muehlenbergii: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Quercus muehlenbergii: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Quercus muehlenbergii: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Quercus muehlenbergii: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Quercus muehlenbergii: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b

Quercus muehlenbergii: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Quercus muehlenbergii Landscape

Quercus muehlenbergii: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Quercus muehlenbergii: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Quercus muehlenbergii: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Quercus muehlenbergii: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Quercus muehlenbergii: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Quercus muehlenbergii: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy