Plant Profile: Smilax bona-nox

Taxonomy: Smilax bona-nox

Names

Bullbriar, Catbriar, Dunes Saw Greenbrier, Greenbriar, Saw Greenbrier, Stretchberry Vine, Tramp's Trouble

  • Photo of Smilax bona-nox (Smilax bona-noxs)

Phonetic Spelling:SMY-laks BOH-nuh noks

Genus:Smilax

Species:bona-nox

Family:Smilacaceae

The saw greenbrier is a native vine characterized by its prickly flowers, belonging to the Smilacaceae (smilax) family. This vine thrives in environments ranging from full sunlight to partial shade and favors moist soil conditions, although it can adapt to various soil types, including dry, overly wet, sandy, rocky, and those rich in organic matter. Typically found in woodlands or disturbed areas, it has the ability to climb into the upper reaches of tree canopies. Each plant produces either male or female flowers, but not both; therefore, to obtain seeds, it is necessary to cultivate both male and female specimens.

Regarding pests, diseases, and other issues: saw greenbrier can become quite invasive. It shows resistance to numerous herbicides and possesses a persistent woody rhizome, which can complicate management efforts. It may be wise to consider alternative plants that are less troublesome.

Smilax bona-nox Feature Summary

Smilax bona-nox Image Gallery

Tags

#deciduous
#heat tolerant
#drought tolerant
#edible weed
#wildlife plant
#shade tolerant
#weedy
#cover plant
#ducks
#berries
#attracts squirrels
#prickles
#small mammals
#food source
#aggressive
#wild turkeys
#racoons
#opossums
#vines
#deer browsing plant
#dioecious
#rhizomes
#prickly
#bears
#native vine
#native weed
#perennial weed
#grouse
#humidity tolerant
#sandy soils tolerant
#clay soils tolerant
#bird friendly
#non-toxic for horses
#non-toxic for dogs
#non-toxic for cats

Similar Plants

Smilax bona-nox Feature Summary

Attributes
Native Americans used leaves as cigarette wrappers, roots to treat urinary infections and to make bread.
Central and Eastern U.S.A., Mexico
Delaware south to Florida, west to Kansas and Texas, north to Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and in parts of Bermuda, Mexico
Fruits are eaten by wood ducks, ruffed grouse, wild turkeys, fish crows, black bears, opossums, raccoons, squirrels, and songbirds. Deer browse the leaves. It also provides cover for birds and small animals.
Cooked roots can be ground into a powder and made into gelatine. Young shoots can be eaten raw or cooked.
Perennial
Woody
Fruit
One-seeded drupes are eaten by birds and help with dispersal. The fruits look like clusters of small grapes.
Black
Blue
< 1 inch
Flowers
Male and female flower on different plants appearing from March-June. Flowers are small and appear in the axils of leaves though are inconspicuous.
White
Insignificant
Green
Insignificant
Umbel
Spring
Winter
6 petals/rays
Tepals
Leaves
The thick leaves often have a pair of lobes at the base and often have prickly margins. They are green, mottled with white.
Deciduous
Semi-evergreen
Green
White
Variegated
Cordate
Deltoid
3-6 inches
3-6 inches
Stem
Upper stems are smooth lower stems have prickles and are hairy.
Whole Plant Traits
Native Plant
Vine
Weed
Deciduous
Semi-evergreen
Spreading
Climbing
Tendrils
Prickles
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Occasional Flooding
Less than 12 inches
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
10a
10b
11a
11b
Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Drought
Heat
Humidity
Poor Soil
Songbirds
Small Mammals
Weedy
Spines/Thorns
Bark
Dark Brown
Green

Smilax bona-nox Attributes

Smilax bona-nox: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Native Americans used leaves as cigarette wrappers, roots to treat urinary infections and to make bread.

Smilax bona-nox: Country Or Region Of Origin

Central and Eastern U.S.A., Mexico

Smilax bona-nox: Distribution

Delaware south to Florida, west to Kansas and Texas, north to Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and in parts of Bermuda, Mexico

Smilax bona-nox: Wildlife Value

Fruits are eaten by wood ducks, ruffed grouse, wild turkeys, fish crows, black bears, opossums, raccoons, squirrels, and songbirds. Deer browse the leaves. It also provides cover for birds and small animals.

Smilax bona-nox: Edibility

Cooked roots can be ground into a powder and made into gelatine. Young shoots can be eaten raw or cooked.

Smilax bona-nox: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Smilax bona-nox: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Smilax bona-nox: Climbing Method

Clinging
Scrambler
Tendrils
Twining

Smilax bona-nox Fruit

Smilax bona-nox: Fruit Description

One-seeded drupes are eaten by birds and help with dispersal. The fruits look like clusters of small grapes.

Smilax bona-nox: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Smilax bona-nox: Fruit Color

grass
Black
grass
Blue

Smilax bona-nox: Fruit Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Smilax bona-nox: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Smilax bona-nox: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Smilax bona-nox: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Smilax bona-nox Flowers

Smilax bona-nox: Flower Description

Male and female flower on different plants appearing from March-June. Flowers are small and appear in the axils of leaves though are inconspicuous.

Smilax bona-nox: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Green
filter_vintage
Insignificant
filter_vintage
White

Smilax bona-nox: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Smilax bona-nox: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Smilax bona-nox: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Smilax bona-nox Leaves

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Description

The thick leaves often have a pair of lobes at the base and often have prickly margins. They are green, mottled with white.

Smilax bona-nox: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Color

spa
Green
spa
Variegated
spa
White

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Smilax bona-nox: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Smilax bona-nox: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Smilax bona-nox Stem

Smilax bona-nox: Stem Description

Upper stems are smooth lower stems have prickles and are hairy.

Smilax bona-nox: Stem Color

grass
Green

Smilax bona-nox: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Smilax bona-nox Whole Plant Traits

Smilax bona-nox: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Smilax bona-nox: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Smilax bona-nox: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Smilax bona-nox: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Smilax bona-nox: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Smilax bona-nox: Appendage

Prickles
Spines
Tendrils
Thorns

Smilax bona-nox Cultural Conditions

Smilax bona-nox: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Smilax bona-nox: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Smilax bona-nox: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Smilax bona-nox: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Smilax bona-nox: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Smilax bona-nox: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
10a
thermostat
10b
thermostat
11a
thermostat
11b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Smilax bona-nox: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Smilax bona-nox Landscape

Smilax bona-nox: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Smilax bona-nox: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Smilax bona-nox: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy

Smilax bona-nox Bark

Smilax bona-nox: Bark Color

grass
Dark Brown
grass
Green