• Photo of Trifolium carolinianum (Trifolium carolinianums)

Plant Profile: Trifolium carolinianum

Taxonomy: Trifolium carolinianum

Names

Carolina Clover, Wild White Clover

  • Photo of Trifolium carolinianum (Trifolium carolinianums)

Phonetic Spelling:try-FOH-lee-um kair-oh-lin-ee-AN-um

Genus:Trifolium

Species:carolinianum

Family:Fabaceae

Trifolium carolinianum, commonly known as Carolina Clover, is a wildflower indigenous to the region. It typically thrives in various environments, including lawns, roadside areas, cemeteries, and sparse sandy woods dominated by pine or scrub oak.

The plant features delicate white to purplish flowers that rise above the leaves, characterized by a papilionaceous shape that resembles a butterfly. Carolina Clover is often mistaken for White Clover.

While it is originally from coastal North Carolina, sightings of this flower have become rare over time. The nearest known population can be found in South Carolina, close to the North Carolina border.

In terms of maintenance, this wildflower is self-sowing, and its growth can be managed through deadheading.

Trifolium carolinianum Feature Summary

Trifolium carolinianum Image Gallery

Tags

#wildlife plant
#native perennial
#herbaceous
#NC native
#herbaceous perennial
#groundcover
#self-seeding
#larval host plant
#native
#butterfly friendly
#pollinator garden
#audubon
#gray hairstreak butterfly
#northern cloudywing butterfly
#eastern tailed-blue butterfly
#clouded sulphur butterfly
#orange sulphur butterfly

Similar Plants

Trifolium carolinianum is often confused with:

Trifolium carolinianum Feature Summary

Attributes
Central and southeastern U.S.A.
AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KS, LA, MO, MS, NC, OK, PA, SC, TX, VA, VT
This plant supports Clouded Sulphur (Colias philodice) larvae which appear from May to October in the North and from March to November in the South. There are 3 flights in the North and 4 to 5 flights in the South. Adult Clouded Sulfur butterflies feed on flower nectar from many different plants. This plant also supports Eastern Tailed-Blue (Everes comyntas) which has many broods from February-November, Orange Sulphur (Colias eurytheme), Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), and Northern Cloudywing (Thorybes pylades) larvae which broods a little earlier than May-July.
Perennial
Annual
Attracts Pollinators
Wildlife Larval Host
Fruit
The fruit is a legume that is enclosed by the calyx tube. It will appear soon after the flowers are no longer blooming.
Flowers
White flowers with a purplish tint sit above the foliage.
Purple/Lavender
White
Spring
Summer
Irregular
< 1 inch
Leaves
The veined, green leaves are tiny, only 1/4" long and 1/5" wide. The outer half of the leaf is serrated.
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
< 1 inch
< 1 inch
Stem
The stems can range from 3-11 inches. They are very slender and wiry.
Green
Red/Burgundy
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Native Plant
Herb
Ground Cover
Clumping
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Occasionally Wet
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
10a
10b
11a
11b
Landscape
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Native Garden
Border
Mass Planting
Patio
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Slope/Bank
Coastal
Butterflies
Pollinators

Trifolium carolinianum Attributes

Trifolium carolinianum: Country Or Region Of Origin

Central and southeastern U.S.A.

Trifolium carolinianum: Distribution

AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KS, LA, MO, MS, NC, OK, PA, SC, TX, VA, VT

Trifolium carolinianum: Wildlife Value

This plant supports Clouded Sulphur (Colias philodice) larvae which appear from May to October in the North and from March to November in the South. There are 3 flights in the North and 4 to 5 flights in the South. Adult Clouded Sulfur butterflies feed on flower nectar from many different plants. This plant also supports Eastern Tailed-Blue (Everes comyntas) which has many broods from February-November, Orange Sulphur (Colias eurytheme), Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), and Northern Cloudywing (Thorybes pylades) larvae which broods a little earlier than May-July.

Trifolium carolinianum: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Trifolium carolinianum: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Trifolium carolinianum: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Trifolium carolinianum Fruit

Trifolium carolinianum: Fruit Description

The fruit is a legume that is enclosed by the calyx tube. It will appear soon after the flowers are no longer blooming.

Trifolium carolinianum: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Trifolium carolinianum: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Trifolium carolinianum Flowers

Trifolium carolinianum: Flower Description

White flowers with a purplish tint sit above the foliage.

Trifolium carolinianum: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender
filter_vintage
White

Trifolium carolinianum: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Trifolium carolinianum: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Trifolium carolinianum: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Trifolium carolinianum: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Trifolium carolinianum Leaves

Trifolium carolinianum: Leaf Description

The veined, green leaves are tiny, only 1/4" long and 1/5" wide. The outer half of the leaf is serrated.

Trifolium carolinianum: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Trifolium carolinianum: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Trifolium carolinianum: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Trifolium carolinianum: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Trifolium carolinianum: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Trifolium carolinianum: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Trifolium carolinianum: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Trifolium carolinianum: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Trifolium carolinianum Stem

Trifolium carolinianum: Stem Description

The stems can range from 3-11 inches. They are very slender and wiry.

Trifolium carolinianum: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy

Trifolium carolinianum: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Trifolium carolinianum Whole Plant Traits

Trifolium carolinianum: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Trifolium carolinianum: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Trifolium carolinianum: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Trifolium carolinianum: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Trifolium carolinianum Cultural Conditions

Trifolium carolinianum: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Trifolium carolinianum: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Trifolium carolinianum: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Trifolium carolinianum: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Trifolium carolinianum: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
10a
thermostat
10b
thermostat
11a
thermostat
11b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Trifolium carolinianum: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Trifolium carolinianum Landscape

Trifolium carolinianum: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Trifolium carolinianum: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Trifolium carolinianum: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Trifolium carolinianum: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees