• Photo of Viburnum prunifolium (Viburnum prunifoliums)

Plant Profile: Viburnum prunifolium

Taxonomy: Viburnum prunifolium

Names

Blackhaw, Black Haw, Blackhaw Viburnum, Nannyberry, Plum Leaf Viburnum

  • Photo of Viburnum prunifolium (Viburnum prunifoliums)

Phonetic Spelling:vih-BUR-num proo-nih-FOH-lee-um

Genus:Viburnum

Species:prunifolium

Family:Viburnaceae

Blackhaw is a robust native shrub or small tree that can reach heights of up to 20 feet and spread nearly as wide. It offers visual appeal across three seasons and serves as an important plant for wildlife. In spring, it showcases large clusters of white flowers, while in the fall, its leaves transform into vibrant shades of red and purple. The berries, which ripen to a purplish-black hue, are enjoyed by both birds and humans. For optimal fruit production, it’s beneficial to have multiple Blackhaw shrubs for effective pollination.

This plant thrives in conditions ranging from partial sun to partial shade and prefers well-drained soils that can be moist to dry. Although it can survive in deep shade, it seldom produces blooms in such environments. Blackhaw is versatile, adapting well to various soil types and pH levels. It makes an excellent choice for naturalized landscapes, can function as a hedge, or serve as a standout specimen. Additionally, it is drought-resistant, performs well in urban settings, and can be pruned into a tree shape.

Viburnum prunifolium Feature Summary

Viburnum prunifolium Image Gallery

Tags

#deciduous
#fall color
#wildlife plant
#showy
#native tree
#native shrub
#medicinal
#playground
#hedges
#food source
#low flammability
#NC native
#deer resistant
#children's garden
#fire resistant
#edible fruits
#Braham Arboretum
#larval host plant
#food source fall
#food source herbage
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#fruits
#bird friendly
#food source soft mast fruit
#FACU Piedmont Mountains
#FACU Coastal
#audubon

Similar Plants

Viburnum prunifolium is often confused with:

Viburnum prunifolium Feature Summary

Attributes
This plant has been used for medicinal purposed by Native Americans.
Eastern North America
AL , AR , CT , DC , DE , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , TN , TX , VA , WI , WV
It is a host plant for Spring/Summer Azure butterflies. Its fruits are eaten by songbirds, squirrels and chipmunks. Its twig form provides shelter to wildlife.
Fire in the landscape. Resistant to heat and drought.
Fruits can be eaten raw or used in jams and preserves.
Perennial
Woody
Edible fruit
Wildlife Food Source
Attracts Pollinators
Attractive Flowers
low flammability
Fruit
1/3 inch oval fruits are a mixture of green, yellow, and red-pink that transition to blue-black at maturity and are attractive to wildlife (especially birds). Display from September to October.
Red/Burgundy
Black
Blue
< 1 inch
Flowers
4-5 inch clusters of small white fragrant flowers appear in the spring. Individual flowers at 5 petaled and 1/4 inch across with long yellowish stamens. Blooms from March to April.
Pink
White
Cream/Tan
4-5 petals/rays
< 1 inch
Leaves
The ovate glossy leaves are 3-4 inches long and 1 inch across with fine serrations and a pointed tip. They turn red to purple in the fall.
Green
Gold/Yellow
Purple/Lavender
Red/Burgundy
Ovate
Obovate
Entire
Serrate
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Bark
The bark is brown-gray and smooth in youth, but rough with flat-topped plates and gray-black with age
Light Gray
Light Brown
Black
Stem
Twigs are smooth, gray, and relatively thin
Gray/Silver
Heart or shield shaped
Whole Plant Traits
Shrub
Native Plant
Multi-stemmed
Rounded
Erect
Irregular
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
3a
3b
9a
9b
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Edible Garden
Pollinator Garden
Children's Garden
Native Garden
Border
Hedge
Specimen
Flowering Tree
Drought
Deer
Pollution
Black Walnut
Fire
Recreational Play Area
Woodland
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Bees
Small Mammals

Viburnum prunifolium Attributes

Viburnum prunifolium: Uses (Ethnobotany)

This plant has been used for medicinal purposed by Native Americans.

Viburnum prunifolium: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern North America

Viburnum prunifolium: Distribution

AL , AR , CT , DC , DE , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , TN , TX , VA , WI , WV

Viburnum prunifolium: Wildlife Value

It is a host plant for Spring/Summer Azure butterflies. Its fruits are eaten by songbirds, squirrels and chipmunks. Its twig form provides shelter to wildlife.

Viburnum prunifolium: Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems)

Fire in the landscape. Resistant to heat and drought.

Viburnum prunifolium: Edibility

Fruits can be eaten raw or used in jams and preserves.

Viburnum prunifolium: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Viburnum prunifolium: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Viburnum prunifolium: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Viburnum prunifolium: Fire Risk Rating

extreme flammability
high flammability
low flammability
medium flammability

Viburnum prunifolium Fruit

Viburnum prunifolium: Fruit Description

1/3 inch oval fruits are a mixture of green, yellow, and red-pink that transition to blue-black at maturity and are attractive to wildlife (especially birds). Display from September to October.

Viburnum prunifolium: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Viburnum prunifolium: Fruit Color

grass
Black
grass
Blue
grass
Red/Burgundy

Viburnum prunifolium: Fruit Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Viburnum prunifolium: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Viburnum prunifolium: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Viburnum prunifolium: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Viburnum prunifolium Flowers

Viburnum prunifolium: Flower Description

4-5 inch clusters of small white fragrant flowers appear in the spring. Individual flowers at 5 petaled and 1/4 inch across with long yellowish stamens. Blooms from March to April.

Viburnum prunifolium: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Cream/Tan
filter_vintage
Pink
filter_vintage
White

Viburnum prunifolium: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Viburnum prunifolium: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Viburnum prunifolium: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Viburnum prunifolium: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Viburnum prunifolium: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Viburnum prunifolium: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Viburnum prunifolium Leaves

Viburnum prunifolium: Leaf Description

The ovate glossy leaves are 3-4 inches long and 1 inch across with fine serrations and a pointed tip. They turn red to purple in the fall.

Viburnum prunifolium: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Viburnum prunifolium: Leaf Color

spa
Gold/Yellow
spa
Green

Viburnum prunifolium: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Purple/Lavender
spa
Red/Burgundy

Viburnum prunifolium: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Viburnum prunifolium: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Viburnum prunifolium: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Viburnum prunifolium: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Viburnum prunifolium: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Viburnum prunifolium: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Viburnum prunifolium: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Viburnum prunifolium: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Viburnum prunifolium Bark

Viburnum prunifolium: Bark Description

The bark is brown-gray and smooth in youth, but rough with flat-topped plates and gray-black with age

Viburnum prunifolium: Bark Color

grass
Black
grass
Light Brown
grass
Light Gray

Viburnum prunifolium: Bark Plate Shape

Diamond
Irregular
Oval
Rectangle
Round
Square

Viburnum prunifolium Stem

Viburnum prunifolium: Stem Description

Twigs are smooth, gray, and relatively thin

Viburnum prunifolium: Stem Color

grass
Gray/Silver

Viburnum prunifolium: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Viburnum prunifolium: Stem Buds

Hairy
Hairy tips
Scaly
Smooth/Hairless

Viburnum prunifolium: Stem Leaf Scar Shape

C-shaped, Cresent shaped
Encircles a bud
Heart or shield shaped
Round

Viburnum prunifolium Whole Plant Traits

Viburnum prunifolium: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Viburnum prunifolium: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Viburnum prunifolium: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Viburnum prunifolium: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Viburnum prunifolium: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Viburnum prunifolium: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Viburnum prunifolium Cultural Conditions

Viburnum prunifolium: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Viburnum prunifolium: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Viburnum prunifolium: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Viburnum prunifolium: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Viburnum prunifolium: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Viburnum prunifolium: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Viburnum prunifolium: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Viburnum prunifolium Landscape

Viburnum prunifolium: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Viburnum prunifolium: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Viburnum prunifolium: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Viburnum prunifolium: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Viburnum prunifolium: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees