• Photo of Acer negundo (Acer negundos)

Plant Profile: Acer negundo

Taxonomy: Acer negundo

Names

Ash-Leaf Maple, Boxelder

  • Photo of Acer negundo (Acer negundos)

Phonetic Spelling:AY-ser neg-UN-doh

Genus:Acer

Species:negundo

Family:Sapindaceae

Boxelder boasts the widest distribution among maple species. In North Carolina, it thrives from the upper coastal plain to the piedmont and mountainous areas. This tree is dioecious, meaning it has distinct male and female specimens, with the male trees being more desirable due to their reduced messiness. Although it grows rapidly, this results in wood that is weak and brittle. The leaves are pinnately compound, typically featuring three leaflets that bear a resemblance to poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). Boxelder is adaptable to various light conditions, except for complete shade, and it favors moist environments, often found near waterways, floodplains, and in wooded regions. Its lifespan is relatively short, and it can be considered weedy. Commercially, it holds minimal value, primarily serving as a source for pulp.

Family: Sapindaceae (previously known as Aceraceae)

In terms of pests and diseases, boxelder bugs feed on the seeds of female trees but inflict little additional harm. Other issues include borers, anthracnose, powdery mildew, and cankers. Additionally, weak branches are prone to breaking under strong winds or heavy snow accumulation.

Quick Identification Tips:

Acer negundo Feature Summary

Acer negundo Image Gallery

Tags

#deciduous
#wildlife plant
#moths
#weedy
#tree
#maple
#samaras
#medicinal
#windbreak
#playground
#buffer
#nighttime garden
#children's garden
#weak wood
#edible fruits
#short lifespan
#larval host plant
#moth larvae
#pollinator garden
#imperial moth

Similar Plants

Acer negundo is often confused with:

Acer negundo Feature Summary

Attributes
The sap has a high sugar content and can be used to produce a syrup, known as mountain molasses. The cambium was used for food by Native Americans, who also boiled down the sap for syrup. The inner bark was used medicinally to induce vomiting. For ceremonial painting, charcoal was used from the new branches. The tree is used to make pulp for paper.
Central and North America
Across the US
Members of the genus Acer support Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Attracts bird and butterflies. The young plants are a food source for deer. Birds and small mammals eat the seeds.
Edible fruit
Pieces Used in Games
Wildlife Food Source
Wind Break
Attracts Pollinators
Shade
Buffer
Screening
Fruit
Samara, appearing in September or October, 1 - 1 ½" long almost twice as long as other maples. Greenish-yellow initially, brown finally; fruit persists into winter and is not particularly attractive.
Green
Brown/Copper
Gold/Yellow
1-3 inches
Flowers
Dioecious. Male trees have more attractive flowers - yellow-green corymbs, early bloomer. Blooms March-April.
Gold/Yellow
Insignificant
Green
Cream/Tan
Insignificant
Corymb
Leaves
Opposite, pinnately compound, 3-5 leaflets (can be 7-9), ovate or lanceolate, 2-4" long, serrated, lobed, bright green leaflets. Petiole is 2-3" long. The underside of the leaf is lighter in color and pubescent. Fall color is not showy.
Brown/Copper
Gold/Yellow
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Ovate
Lanceolate
Lobed
Serrate
3-6 inches
Bark
Similar to that of an ash tree, composed of marrow-brown, rounded, interlocking ridges.
Dark Brown
Light Brown
Stem
New growth is lustrous green. Older stems are green to reddish to brownish, waxy covering that can be scratched or rubbed off, leaf scars surround stem. Terminal buds whitish and hairy.
Brown/Copper
Green
Red/Burgundy
Gold/Yellow
Straight
Cluster of terminal buds
Encircles a bud
Whole Plant Traits
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Good Drainage
Occasionally Wet
Occasionally Dry
Frequent Standing Water
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
2a
2b
3a
3b
9a
9b
10a
10b
Landscape
Edible Garden
Pollinator Garden
Children's Garden
Nighttime Garden
Shade Tree
Recreational Play Area
Woodland
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Moths
Small Mammals
Weedy
Messy
Short-lived

Acer negundo Attributes

Acer negundo: Uses (Ethnobotany)

The sap has a high sugar content and can be used to produce a syrup, known as mountain molasses. The cambium was used for food by Native Americans, who also boiled down the sap for syrup. The inner bark was used medicinally to induce vomiting. For ceremonial painting, charcoal was used from the new branches. The tree is used to make pulp for paper.

Acer negundo: Country Or Region Of Origin

Central and North America

Acer negundo: Distribution

Across the US

Acer negundo: Wildlife Value

Members of the genus Acer support Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Attracts bird and butterflies. The young plants are a food source for deer. Birds and small mammals eat the seeds.

Acer negundo: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Acer negundo: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Acer negundo Fruit

Acer negundo: Fruit Description

Samara, appearing in September or October, 1 - 1 ½" long almost twice as long as other maples. Greenish-yellow initially, brown finally; fruit persists into winter and is not particularly attractive.

Acer negundo: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Acer negundo: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Gold/Yellow
grass
Green

Acer negundo: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Acer negundo: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Acer negundo Flowers

Acer negundo: Flower Description

Dioecious. Male trees have more attractive flowers - yellow-green corymbs, early bloomer. Blooms March-April.

Acer negundo: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Cream/Tan
filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Green
filter_vintage
Insignificant

Acer negundo: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Acer negundo: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Acer negundo Leaves

Acer negundo: Leaf Description

Opposite, pinnately compound, 3-5 leaflets (can be 7-9), ovate or lanceolate, 2-4" long, serrated, lobed, bright green leaflets. Petiole is 2-3" long. The underside of the leaf is lighter in color and pubescent. Fall color is not showy.

Acer negundo: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Acer negundo: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Acer negundo: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Brown/Copper
spa
Gold/Yellow

Acer negundo: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Acer negundo: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Acer negundo: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Acer negundo: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Acer negundo: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Acer negundo: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Acer negundo Bark

Acer negundo: Bark Description

Similar to that of an ash tree, composed of marrow-brown, rounded, interlocking ridges.

Acer negundo: Bark Color

grass
Dark Brown
grass
Light Brown

Acer negundo: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy

Acer negundo: Bark Plate Shape

Diamond
Irregular
Oval
Rectangle
Round
Square

Acer negundo Stem

Acer negundo: Stem Description

New growth is lustrous green. Older stems are green to reddish to brownish, waxy covering that can be scratched or rubbed off, leaf scars surround stem. Terminal buds whitish and hairy.

Acer negundo: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Gold/Yellow
grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy

Acer negundo: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Acer negundo: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Acer negundo: Stem Form

Straight
Zig Zags

Acer negundo: Stem Buds

Hairy
Hairy tips
Scaly
Smooth/Hairless

Acer negundo: Stem Bud Terminal

Cluster of terminal buds
Only 1 terminal bud, larger than side buds
Only 1 terminal bud, smaller than side buds

Acer negundo: Stem Leaf Scar Shape

C-shaped, Cresent shaped
Encircles a bud
Heart or shield shaped
Round

Acer negundo Whole Plant Traits

Acer negundo: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Acer negundo: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Acer negundo: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Acer negundo: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Acer negundo: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Acer negundo: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Acer negundo Cultural Conditions

Acer negundo: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Acer negundo: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Acer negundo: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Acer negundo: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
10a
thermostat
10b
thermostat
2a
thermostat
2b
thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Acer negundo: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Acer negundo Landscape

Acer negundo: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Acer negundo: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Acer negundo: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Acer negundo: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Acer negundo: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Acer negundo: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy