Plant Profile: Buxus

Buxus, the Latin term for boxwood or box tree, refers to a group of evergreen shrubs that originated in Europe and Asia. These plants are among the oldest cultivated garden species, with a history that dates back to 4000 BC. Currently, there are approximately 150 species and cultivars of boxwoods available commercially, showcasing a wide range of hardiness, shapes, and leaf traits. Renowned for their low maintenance requirements, dense growth, and resistance to deer, boxwoods are popular choices for hedges, topiary, and bonsai.

The American boxwood is a sprawling shrub or small tree that can grow significantly if left unpruned, and it can be easily shaped. In contrast, the Littleleaf or Japanese boxwood is a shorter shrub featuring bright green, oval leaves, making it an excellent option for formal hedges. Dwarf varieties can serve as charming accents or borders along walkways. Most boxwoods thrive in USDA zones 5-9, while hybrid varieties exist that can withstand colder temperatures down to zones 4-5.

Boxwoods are straightforward to cultivate, require minimal upkeep, and adapt well to various soil types, ideally thriving in a pH range of 5.5-7.2. They prefer partial or dappled shade but can also endure full sun exposure. However, some varieties may develop bronzed foliage if exposed to excessive sunlight, particularly during winter. While they can tolerate some drought, it is advisable to mulch and irrigate boxwoods during prolonged dry spells, especially in their first year, to prevent stress that could lead to disease susceptibility.

These plants are resistant to both deer and rabbits.

**Quick Identification Tips:**

**Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Issues:** Boxwoods may be vulnerable to leaf spot and boxwood blight, which can result in early leaf drop and dieback. Poorly drained soil can lead to root rot. Common pests include the boxwood leaf miner, boxwood psyllid, and boxwood mites, with nematodes being a concern in the deep southern regions.