Plant Profile: Crataegus mollis

Crataegus, commonly known as Hawthorn, encompasses a diverse range of species and varieties. This small tree or shrub thrives in the low wetlands and riverbanks of the eastern regions, as well as on the elevated mountain ridges in the west. One notable species, Crataegus mollis, or Downy Hawthorn, is an attractive tree characterized by its tall trunk and a compact, rounded crown adorned with spreading branches. It features large, broad, hairy leaves, an abundance of sizable flowers, and striking scarlet fruit. Typically reaching heights of 20 to 40 feet, Downy Hawthorn has a trunk diameter of 1 to 1.5 feet, with branches that extend horizontally and exhibit varying levels of thorniness. The bark of its relatively short trunk is silvery and scaly, and while it usually has a single trunk, some specimens may have multiple trunks.

Once referred to as White Thorn, Downy Hawthorn is one of the largest trees in its genus and was introduced to European gardens as early as 1683. Both its common and scientific names highlight the tree's soft, hairy leaves.

This species flourishes in moist, fertile soil under full sunlight but can also adapt to wet conditions, heavy clay, and partial shade. It is resilient to drought and alkaline soils, though it struggles in salty air. The tree's form is generally rounded to wide-spreading, with varying degrees of thorniness. Its natural habitats include the edges of woodlands, alluvial thickets, sandy hills, fields, and roadsides, and it is resistant to deer. While it has relatively few thorns measuring about half an inch, caution is advised when planting it in areas where children play. Downy Hawthorn responds well to pruning and can regrow if cut back to older wood, making it suitable for use as a hedge.

**Diseases, Pests, and Other Plant Issues:**

The leaves of Downy Hawthorn are susceptible to cedar-hawthorn rust, scab, and leaf blight, which can lead to significant leaf damage by the end of summer, often resulting in early leaf drop. Therefore, it is advisable not to plant this tree near red cedar.