• Photo of Echinacea purpurea (Echinacea purpureas)

Plant Profile: Echinacea purpurea

Taxonomy: Echinacea purpurea

Names

Coneflower, Eastern Purple Coneflower, Purple Coneflower, Purple Rudbeckia

  • Photo of Echinacea purpurea (Echinacea purpureas)

Phonetic Spelling:ek-in-AY-shee-ah pur-PUR-ee-ah

Genus:Echinacea

Species:purpurea

Family:Asteraceae

The Purple Coneflower, an herbaceous perennial belonging to the aster family, is indigenous to the central and eastern regions of the United States. This plant can reach heights of 3 to 4 feet and showcases pinkish-purple blooms that flourish from early summer to mid-fall. A variety of cultivars are available, offering different sizes and colors. The flowers are particularly appealing to numerous pollinators, especially butterflies, and leaving some flower heads intact allows for seed production that benefits local birds.

This species thrives in well-drained, moist loamy soils but demonstrates adaptability to a range of soil types. Once established, it exhibits drought resistance and can flourish in full sun or partial shade. Propagation is straightforward through seeds, and it often self-seeds in garden settings.

The Purple Coneflower is a favored choice for native gardens, meadows, pollinator habitats, and naturalized landscapes due to its long blooming period.

Potential issues include occasional infestations by Japanese beetles and leaf spot, as well as susceptibility to aster yellows disease.

**Quick Identification Tips:**

Echinacea purpurea Feature Summary

Echinacea purpurea Image Gallery

Tags

#purple
#white
#drought tolerant
#perennial
#white flowers
#wildlife plant
#purple flowers
#pink flowers
#red flowers
#native perennial
#salt tolerant
#tough plant
#low maintenance
#apvg
#playground
#food source
#cpp
#fire
#medium flammability
#NC native
#summer flowers
#children's garden
#naturalizes
#pollinator plant
#native wildflower
#fantz
#late spring flowers
#larval host plant
#food source summer
#food source fall
#NC Native Pollinator Plant
#food source nectar
#food source pollen
#food source hard mast fruit
#butterfly friendly
#nectar plant early summer
#nectar plant mid-summer
#nectar plant late summer
#HS302
#apvg-p
#pollinator garden
#bee friendly
#audubon
#wavy-lined emerald butterfly
#silvery checkerspot butterfly
#stormwater demo garden orange co

Similar Plants

Echinacea purpurea is often confused with:

Echinacea purpurea Feature Summary

Attributes
This was an important plant to the Native Americans to treat may ailments. Early settlers used the medicinal root for almost any kind of sickness. It became the only native prairie plant commonly used by both doctors and folk practitioners as medicine. People also used echinacea to support cows and horses when they weren't eating well.
Eastern and central USA
AL , AR , CT , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , TN , TX , VA , WI , WV
Its flowers are attractive to bees, butterflies and other pollinators. This plant supports Silvery Checkerspot (Chlosyne nycteis) larvae which has two broods from May-September. The adults feed on nectar from red clover, common milkweed, and dogbane. This plant also supports Wavy-lined Emerald (Synchlora aerata) larvae. Songbirds, especially American goldfinches, eat the seeds. Slightly deer resistant.
Herbaceous parts may be steeped as a tea
Perennial
Seed
Division
Root Cutting
Wildlife Food Source
Attracts Pollinators
Attractive Flowers
Easy to Grow
medium flammability
Fruit
Seeds produced in the center cone are small, dark, 4 sided achenes that are attractive to birds.
< 1 inch
Flowers
Flowers occur singly atop stiff stems and have domed, purplish-brown, spiny disc flowers in the center and drooping, lavender rays around them in daisy-like fashion. Blooms are up to 5 inches across. Many cultivars exist most commonly in shades of white, pink, and purple but also red, orange, and yellow. Flower blooms from June to August.
Pink
Purple/Lavender
White
Gold/Yellow
Red/Burgundy
Brown/Copper
Orange
Good Cut
Showy
Good Dried
7 - 20 petals/rays
3-6 inches
Leaves
3-8 inch long alternate, simple, dark green, scabrous leaves. The lower leaves are winged petiolate (with stems) and are ovate to broadly lanceolate, tip narrowly acute, broad cuneate base, and margins denticulate to coarsely toothed. The upper cauline (stem) leaves are reduced in size, narrower with a short petiolate to sessile (no stem) and nearly entire margins.
Elliptical
Ovate
Lanceolate
Cuneate
Entire
Serrate
Dentate
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Stem
The light green stems have small purple streaks and scattered white hairs.
Purple/Lavender
Green
Hairy (pubescent)
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Herbaceous Perennial
Native Plant
Wildflower
Herb
Coarse
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
3a
3b
Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Rock Garden
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Native Garden
Border
Mass Planting
Small groups
Drought
Deer
Heat
Humidity
Salt
Dry Soil
Poor Soil
Recreational Play Area
Woodland
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Bees

Echinacea purpurea Attributes

Echinacea purpurea: Uses (Ethnobotany)

This was an important plant to the Native Americans to treat may ailments. Early settlers used the medicinal root for almost any kind of sickness. It became the only native prairie plant commonly used by both doctors and folk practitioners as medicine. People also used echinacea to support cows and horses when they weren't eating well.

Echinacea purpurea: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern and central USA

Echinacea purpurea: Distribution

AL , AR , CT , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , TN , TX , VA , WI , WV

Echinacea purpurea: Wildlife Value

Its flowers are attractive to bees, butterflies and other pollinators. This plant supports Silvery Checkerspot (Chlosyne nycteis) larvae which has two broods from May-September. The adults feed on nectar from red clover, common milkweed, and dogbane. This plant also supports Wavy-lined Emerald (Synchlora aerata) larvae. Songbirds, especially American goldfinches, eat the seeds. Slightly deer resistant.

Echinacea purpurea: Edibility

Herbaceous parts may be steeped as a tea

Echinacea purpurea: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Echinacea purpurea: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Echinacea purpurea: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Echinacea purpurea: Fire Risk Rating

extreme flammability
high flammability
low flammability
medium flammability

Echinacea purpurea Fruit

Echinacea purpurea: Fruit Description

Seeds produced in the center cone are small, dark, 4 sided achenes that are attractive to birds.

Echinacea purpurea: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Echinacea purpurea: Fruit Color

grass
Black

Echinacea purpurea: Fruit Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Echinacea purpurea: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Echinacea purpurea: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Echinacea purpurea: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Echinacea purpurea Flowers

Echinacea purpurea: Flower Description

Flowers occur singly atop stiff stems and have domed, purplish-brown, spiny disc flowers in the center and drooping, lavender rays around them in daisy-like fashion. Blooms are up to 5 inches across. Many cultivars exist most commonly in shades of white, pink, and purple but also red, orange, and yellow. Flower blooms from June to August.

Echinacea purpurea: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Brown/Copper
filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Orange
filter_vintage
Pink
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy
filter_vintage
White

Echinacea purpurea: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Echinacea purpurea: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Echinacea purpurea: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Echinacea purpurea: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Echinacea purpurea: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Echinacea purpurea: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Echinacea purpurea Leaves

Echinacea purpurea: Leaf Description

3-8 inch long alternate, simple, dark green, scabrous leaves. The lower leaves are winged petiolate (with stems) and are ovate to broadly lanceolate, tip narrowly acute, broad cuneate base, and margins denticulate to coarsely toothed. The upper cauline (stem) leaves are reduced in size, narrower with a short petiolate to sessile (no stem) and nearly entire margins.

Echinacea purpurea: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Echinacea purpurea: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Echinacea purpurea: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Echinacea purpurea: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Echinacea purpurea: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Echinacea purpurea: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Echinacea purpurea: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Echinacea purpurea: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Echinacea purpurea: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Echinacea purpurea: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Echinacea purpurea Stem

Echinacea purpurea: Stem Description

The light green stems have small purple streaks and scattered white hairs.

Echinacea purpurea: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Purple/Lavender

Echinacea purpurea: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Echinacea purpurea: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Echinacea purpurea Whole Plant Traits

Echinacea purpurea: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Echinacea purpurea: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Echinacea purpurea: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Echinacea purpurea: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Echinacea purpurea: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Echinacea purpurea: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Echinacea purpurea Cultural Conditions

Echinacea purpurea: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Echinacea purpurea: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Echinacea purpurea: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Echinacea purpurea: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Echinacea purpurea: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Echinacea purpurea: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Echinacea purpurea: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Echinacea purpurea Landscape

Echinacea purpurea: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Echinacea purpurea: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Echinacea purpurea: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Echinacea purpurea: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Echinacea purpurea: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees