Plant Profile: Euphorbia

Euphorbia, commonly referred to as spurge, is a perennial plant that thrives throughout North Carolina. This genus encompasses a wide variety of species, which can be classified as annual, biennial, or predominantly perennial herbs, shrubs, and small trees. Notably, all Euphorbia species release a toxic milky latex when their stems are cut.

The flowers of Euphorbia are typically small and unremarkable, though many species feature striking bracts surrounding the flowers that can be quite eye-catching. While some varieties can reach impressive heights, the average Euphorbia grows to about 18 inches and showcases vibrant clusters of bracts in the spring. To keep the plant looking neat, it is advisable to trim these bracts after flowering. Propagation can be achieved through cuttings taken in the summer, but in certain regions, Euphorbia may become invasive. All spurge species contain a milky sap that, while low in toxicity, can irritate the skin or open wounds and may lead to nausea or vomiting if ingested. Therefore, it is essential to wear gloves when handling cuttings for propagation.

Regarding plant health, there are currently no known diseases or significant issues affecting Euphorbia.