• Photo of Firmiana simplex (Firmiana simplexs)

Plant Profile: Firmiana simplex

Taxonomy: Firmiana simplex

Names

Chinese Parasol Tree, Phoenix Tree, Varnish Tree, Wutong

  • Photo of Firmiana simplex (Firmiana simplexs)

Phonetic Spelling:fer-mee-AY-nuh SIM-plecks

Genus:Firmiana

Species:simplex

Family:Malvaceae

The Chinese Parasol Tree is a medium-sized, deciduous member of the mallow family, originally from Asia. It is distinguished by its large, lobed leaves, which can reach sizes of 8 to 12 inches across, providing substantial shade. In early summer, it produces long clusters of yellow-green flowers, followed by distinctive seed pods. However, this tree has the potential to become invasive, as it can generate numerous seedlings, particularly in some southern states.

This tree thrives in various well-drained soil types and prefers full sun to partial shade. While it can serve as an effective shade tree, it is advisable to consider planting native species instead.

Firmiana simplex Feature Summary

Firmiana simplex Image Gallery

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#deciduous

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Firmiana simplex Feature Summary

Attributes
The wood is used for the soundboards of several Chinese instruments.
Central & S. China to Vietnam, S. Japan to Taiwan
Fruit
Leathery capsules split into to four petal-like sections to reveal the small, round seeds.
Flowers
Up to 12 inch long panicles of yellow-green flowers in early summer. Mildly fragrant.
Gold/Yellow
Leaves
Large 3-5 lobed leaves with palmate veining up to 12 inches across. Undersides are` pubescent.
Green
Gold/Yellow
Palmasect
Lobed
Undulate
> 6 inches
> 6 inches
Bark
Stem
Unusual green and tan bark
Green
Cream/Tan
Whole Plant Traits
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Coastal
Piedmont
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape

Firmiana simplex Attributes

Firmiana simplex: Uses (Ethnobotany)

The wood is used for the soundboards of several Chinese instruments.

Firmiana simplex: Country Or Region Of Origin

Central & S. China to Vietnam, S. Japan to Taiwan

Firmiana simplex Fruit

Firmiana simplex: Fruit Description

Leathery capsules split into to four petal-like sections to reveal the small, round seeds.

Firmiana simplex: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Firmiana simplex: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Firmiana simplex Flowers

Firmiana simplex: Flower Description

Up to 12 inch long panicles of yellow-green flowers in early summer. Mildly fragrant.

Firmiana simplex: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow

Firmiana simplex: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Firmiana simplex: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Firmiana simplex Leaves

Firmiana simplex: Leaf Description

Large 3-5 lobed leaves with palmate veining up to 12 inches across. Undersides are` pubescent.

Firmiana simplex: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Firmiana simplex: Leaf Color

spa
Gold/Yellow
spa
Green

Firmiana simplex: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Gold/Yellow

Firmiana simplex: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Firmiana simplex: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Firmiana simplex: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Firmiana simplex: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Firmiana simplex: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Firmiana simplex: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Firmiana simplex: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Firmiana simplex Bark

Firmiana simplex: Bark Description

Breen bark

Firmiana simplex: Bark Color

grass
Green

Firmiana simplex Stem

Firmiana simplex: Stem Description

Unusual green and tan bark

Firmiana simplex: Stem Color

grass
Cream/Tan
grass
Green

Firmiana simplex: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Firmiana simplex Whole Plant Traits

Firmiana simplex: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Firmiana simplex: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Firmiana simplex: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Firmiana simplex Cultural Conditions

Firmiana simplex: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Firmiana simplex: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Firmiana simplex: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Firmiana simplex: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Firmiana simplex: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Firmiana simplex: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Firmiana simplex Landscape

Firmiana simplex: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Firmiana simplex: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Firmiana simplex: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy