Plant Profile: Ilex opaca

American Holly is a tall evergreen tree that can reach heights of 40 to 60 feet. It features alternate leaves that may have spiny edges or be smooth. The bark is typically gray-white and can appear splotchy or warty. In late spring, it produces small, dull greenish-white flowers that bloom individually. The female trees bear vibrant red or orange berries that ripen in the fall and can last through the winter months.

This tree thrives in average, consistently moist, acidic, and well-drained soils, preferring full sun to partial shade. In alkaline soils, the leaves often turn yellow and may appear dusty. While it can adapt to a variety of soil conditions and is resistant to pollution, it does not fare well in flooded or overly saturated soils. For optimal growth, it is best to avoid poorly drained areas. In its natural habitat, American Holly typically flourishes in rich bottomlands and along swamp edges. It requires protection from harsh winter winds and direct winter sunlight, and in hot summer climates, some afternoon shade is beneficial. Excessive shade can lead to sparse foliage.

This sizable tree, which may have branches extending close to the ground, is suitable for creating privacy screens and as a specimen plant. However, it is not ideal for small yards, as it requires ample space to thrive.

**Fire Risk:** This plant has a high flammability rating and should not be planted within the defensible space around your home. It is advisable to choose plants with a low flammability rating for areas closest to your residence.

**Quick Identification Tips:**