• Photo of Lindera benzoin (Lindera benzoins)

Plant Profile: Lindera benzoin

Taxonomy: Lindera benzoin

Names

Northern Spicebush, Spicebush, Spice Bush

  • Photo of Lindera benzoin (Lindera benzoins)

Phonetic Spelling:lin-DER-ah BEN-zo-een

Genus:Lindera

Species:benzoin

Family:Lauraceae

Spicebush is a deciduous shrub that typically reaches heights of 8 to 15 feet and thrives in a variety of environments, including lush forests, dry slopes, and wetlands. Its leaves are arranged alternately and feature smooth edges, releasing a spicy fragrance when crushed. The bark exhibits a brown to gray-brown hue, adorned with light-colored lenticels. In early spring, the shrub produces small yellow flowers that bloom in clusters at the axils of the leaves. By fall, it bears bright red drupes that have a distinctive peppery flavor and aroma. This plant is sensitive to high temperatures and drought conditions. As a dioecious species, it requires male plants for the female fruit to develop. Additionally, it showcases a vibrant yellow color in the fall.

Fire Risk: This shrub has a low flammability rating.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Spicebush is vulnerable to laurel wilt.

Lindera benzoin Feature Summary

Lindera benzoin Image Gallery

Tags

#fragrant
#deciduous
#small tree
#rain garden
#fragrant flowers
#wildlife plant
#showy
#fragrant leaves
#native shrub
#winter interest
#fall interest
#playground
#hedges
#wet sites
#low flammability
#NC native
#children's garden
#fire resistant
#edible fruits
#larval host plant
#food source fall
#food source herbage
#Piedmont Mountains FAC
#Coastal FACW
#fall color yellow
#fruits
#bird friendly
#mammals
#food source soft mast fruit
#butterfly friendly
#butterfly larvae
#pollinator garden
#audubon
#palamedes swallowtail butterfly
#spicebush swallowtail butterfly

Similar Plants

Lindera benzoin is often confused with:

Lindera benzoin Feature Summary

Attributes
Essential oils from this plants leaves, twigs, and fruits, have been used in teas. The fragrant fruits are sometimes dried and used in sachets. Native Americans have been known to use the dried fruits of this plant as a spice, and the leaves of this plant for tea.
South East Canada to Central & Eastern U.S.A
This plant supports Palamedes Swallowtail (Papilio palamedes) larvae which has two flights from March-December with a partial 3rd flight in the South. The adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers like sweet pepperbush, thistles, blue flag, and azalea. This plant also supports Spicebush Swallowtail (Papilio troilus) larvae which have 2 generations per year from April-October. Adult Spicebush Swallowtail butterflies feed on nectar from Japanese honeysuckle, jewelweed, thistles, milkweed, azalea, dogbane, lantana, mimosa, and sweet pepperbush. Also a host plant for the Spicebush Swallowtail butterfly. Fruits are eaten by songbirds, especially during fall migration. White-tailed deer will browse twigs and leaves.
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Wildlife Food Source
Attracts Pollinators
Wildlife Nesting
low flammability
Fruit
A drupe, scarlet red spicy scented fruit in late Summer/early Fall (August-September) 1/2' wide.
Red/Burgundy
< 1 inch
Flowers
The Spice bush has clusters of tiny, apetalous, aromatic, greenish-yellow flowers that bloom along the branches in early spring before the foliage emerges (March-April). It has dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants), with the male flowers being larger and showier than the female ones. The flowers of female plants give way to bright red drupes. Female plants need a male pollinator in order to set fruit (scarlet red), however. It's drupes are very attractive, but are largely hidden by the foliage until the leaves drop.
Gold/Yellow
Green
Leaves
The Spice bush has thick, alternate, oblong-obovate, light green leaves (to 5" long) turn an attractive yellow in autumn. Leaves are aromatic (spicy fragrance) when crushed.
Green
Gold/Yellow
Oblong
Obovate
3-6 inches
Leathery
Stem
Has a spicy fragrance
Conspicuous
Whole Plant Traits
Cultural Conditions
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Moist
Occasionally Wet
Occasionally Dry
Very Dry
Occasional Flooding
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
Landscape
Edible Garden
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Children's Garden
Winter Garden
Rain Garden
Native Garden
Recreational Play Area
Woodland
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Small Mammals
Bark
Light Gray
Light Brown

Lindera benzoin Attributes

Lindera benzoin: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Essential oils from this plants leaves, twigs, and fruits, have been used in teas. The fragrant fruits are sometimes dried and used in sachets. Native Americans have been known to use the dried fruits of this plant as a spice, and the leaves of this plant for tea.

Lindera benzoin: Country Or Region Of Origin

South East Canada to Central & Eastern U.S.A

Lindera benzoin: Wildlife Value

This plant supports Palamedes Swallowtail (Papilio palamedes) larvae which has two flights from March-December with a partial 3rd flight in the South. The adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers like sweet pepperbush, thistles, blue flag, and azalea. This plant also supports Spicebush Swallowtail (Papilio troilus) larvae which have 2 generations per year from April-October. Adult Spicebush Swallowtail butterflies feed on nectar from Japanese honeysuckle, jewelweed, thistles, milkweed, azalea, dogbane, lantana, mimosa, and sweet pepperbush. Also a host plant for the Spicebush Swallowtail butterfly. Fruits are eaten by songbirds, especially during fall migration. White-tailed deer will browse twigs and leaves.

Lindera benzoin: Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems)

fire in the landscape.

Lindera benzoin: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Lindera benzoin: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Lindera benzoin: Fire Risk Rating

extreme flammability
high flammability
low flammability
medium flammability

Lindera benzoin Fruit

Lindera benzoin: Fruit Description

A drupe, scarlet red spicy scented fruit in late Summer/early Fall (August-September) 1/2' wide.

Lindera benzoin: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Lindera benzoin: Fruit Color

grass
Red/Burgundy

Lindera benzoin: Fruit Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Lindera benzoin: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Lindera benzoin: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Lindera benzoin Flowers

Lindera benzoin: Flower Description

The Spice bush has clusters of tiny, apetalous, aromatic, greenish-yellow flowers that bloom along the branches in early spring before the foliage emerges (March-April). It has dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants), with the male flowers being larger and showier than the female ones. The flowers of female plants give way to bright red drupes. Female plants need a male pollinator in order to set fruit (scarlet red), however. It's drupes are very attractive, but are largely hidden by the foliage until the leaves drop.

Lindera benzoin: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Gold/Yellow
filter_vintage
Green

Lindera benzoin: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Lindera benzoin: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Lindera benzoin Leaves

Lindera benzoin: Leaf Description

The Spice bush has thick, alternate, oblong-obovate, light green leaves (to 5" long) turn an attractive yellow in autumn. Leaves are aromatic (spicy fragrance) when crushed.

Lindera benzoin: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Lindera benzoin: Leaf Color

spa
Gold/Yellow
spa
Green

Lindera benzoin: Deciduous Leaf Fall Color

spa
Gold/Yellow

Lindera benzoin: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Lindera benzoin: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Lindera benzoin: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Lindera benzoin: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Lindera benzoin: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Lindera benzoin: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Lindera benzoin: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Lindera benzoin: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Lindera benzoin Stem

Lindera benzoin: Stem Description

Has a spicy fragrance

Lindera benzoin: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Lindera benzoin: Stem Lenticels

Conspicuous
Not Conspicuous

Lindera benzoin Whole Plant Traits

Lindera benzoin: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Lindera benzoin: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Lindera benzoin: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Lindera benzoin: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Lindera benzoin: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Lindera benzoin Cultural Conditions

Lindera benzoin: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Lindera benzoin: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Lindera benzoin: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Lindera benzoin: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Lindera benzoin Landscape

Lindera benzoin: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Lindera benzoin: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Lindera benzoin: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Lindera benzoin: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Lindera benzoin: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Lindera benzoin Bark

Lindera benzoin: Bark Color

grass
Light Brown
grass
Light Gray

Lindera benzoin: Surface/Attachment

Bumpy
Exfoliating
Fissured
Furrowed
Lenticels
Papery
Patchy
Peeling
Ridges
Scaly
Shaggy
Shiny
Shredding
Smooth
Spongy