• Photo of Salvia officinalis (Salvia officinaliss)

Plant Profile: Salvia officinalis

Taxonomy: Salvia officinalis

Names

Common Sage, Culinary Sage, Garden Sage, Sage

  • Photo of Salvia officinalis (Salvia officinaliss)

Phonetic Spelling:SAL-vee-ah oh-fiss-ih-NAH-lis

Genus:Salvia

Species:officinalis

Family:Lamiaceae

Common sage, a delightful herbaceous perennial from the mint family, is a cherished addition to many gardens. Its ovate, fuzzy, grey-green leaves not only provide an appealing texture but also emit a pleasant fragrance. In early summer, the plant showcases its bluish-purple, two-lipped flowers, which attract butterflies and bees. For optimal growth, it should be planted in full sunlight, though it can tolerate light shade. It thrives in well-drained soil with moderate moisture, so it's important to avoid overly wet conditions. Taller varieties may need some support. Numerous cultivars are available, featuring a range of leaf colors that beautifully contrast with brighter green plants in the landscape.

The edible flowers possess a musky, herbal flavor, but should be consumed in moderation.

Be cautious of potential issues: overly moist soil can lead to rot.

This content was created by Elisabeth Meyer for the "Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers" plant identification course in collaboration with Longwood Gardens.

For further details on Salvia, please refer to additional resources.

Salvia officinalis Feature Summary

Salvia officinalis Image Gallery

Tags

#drought tolerant
#perennial
#wildlife plant
#fragrant leaves
#nectar plant
#velvety
#variegated leaves
#rabbit resistant
#herb garden
#food source
#deer resistant
#vegetable garden
#blind
#sensory
#rock gardens
#borders
#hairy leaves
#edible garden
#hairy stems
#butterfly friendly
#bee friendly
#non-toxic for horses
#non-toxic for dogs
#non-toxic for cats

Similar Plants

Salvia officinalis is often confused with:

Salvia officinalis Feature Summary

Attributes
Genus name salvia comes from the Latin word to heal as the plant is often sold for medicinal herbal purposes to help with skin and respiratory disorders. Sage has been used in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects.
SW. Germany to S. Europe
Nectar in flowers is attractive to bees and butterflies.
Leaves as a flavoring, in tea, seasoning for meat, vegetable and egg dishes; stuffings.
Perennial
Flowers
Delicate 1" long lavender-blue color 2-lipped whorled around upright flower spikes with green bracts that remain after flowers fall off.
Pink
Purple/Lavender
White
Blue
Spring
Summer
Tubular
Lipped
1-3 inches
Leaves
Gray-green fuzzy, wrinkled with clear netted venation. 4" long, very fragrant.
Green
Gray/Silver
Gold/Yellow
Variegated
Purple/Lavender
Cream/Tan
3-6 inches
Soft
Velvety
Stem
Fuzzy, square
Green
Gray/Silver
Hairy (pubescent)
Whole Plant Traits
Edible
Herbaceous Perennial
Herb
Mounding
Spreading
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Good Drainage
Occasionally Dry
3 feet-6 feet
12 inches-3 feet
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Edible Garden
Rock Garden
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Children's Garden
Garden for the Blind
Drought
Deer
Rabbits
Dry Soil
Patio
Walkways
Small Space
Butterflies
Bees

Salvia officinalis Attributes

Salvia officinalis: Uses (Ethnobotany)

Genus name salvia comes from the Latin word to heal as the plant is often sold for medicinal herbal purposes to help with skin and respiratory disorders. Sage has been used in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects.

Salvia officinalis: Country Or Region Of Origin

SW. Germany to S. Europe

Salvia officinalis: Wildlife Value

Nectar in flowers is attractive to bees and butterflies.

Salvia officinalis: Edibility

Leaves as a flavoring, in tea, seasoning for meat, vegetable and egg dishes; stuffings.

Salvia officinalis: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Salvia officinalis Flowers

Salvia officinalis: Flower Description

Delicate 1" long lavender-blue color 2-lipped whorled around upright flower spikes with green bracts that remain after flowers fall off.

Salvia officinalis: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Blue
filter_vintage
Pink
filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender
filter_vintage
White

Salvia officinalis: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Salvia officinalis: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Salvia officinalis: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Salvia officinalis: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Salvia officinalis: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Salvia officinalis Leaves

Salvia officinalis: Leaf Description

Gray-green fuzzy, wrinkled with clear netted venation. 4" long, very fragrant.

Salvia officinalis: Leaf Color

spa
Cream/Tan
spa
Gold/Yellow
spa
Gray/Silver
spa
Green
spa
Purple/Lavender
spa
Variegated

Salvia officinalis: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Salvia officinalis: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Salvia officinalis: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Salvia officinalis: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Salvia officinalis: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Salvia officinalis: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Salvia officinalis: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Salvia officinalis Stem

Salvia officinalis: Stem Description

Fuzzy, square

Salvia officinalis: Stem Color

grass
Gray/Silver
grass
Green

Salvia officinalis: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Salvia officinalis: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Salvia officinalis: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Salvia officinalis Whole Plant Traits

Salvia officinalis: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Salvia officinalis: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Salvia officinalis: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Salvia officinalis: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Salvia officinalis Cultural Conditions

Salvia officinalis: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Salvia officinalis: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Salvia officinalis: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Salvia officinalis: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Salvia officinalis: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b

Salvia officinalis: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Salvia officinalis Landscape

Salvia officinalis: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Salvia officinalis: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Salvia officinalis: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Salvia officinalis: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Salvia officinalis: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees