Plant Profile: Toxicodendron vernix

Poison Sumac is a native deciduous shrub or small tree that belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, commonly known as the Sumac family. This plant typically reaches heights of up to 25 feet and has a trunk diameter of about 6 inches, often sprouting from its base. It is also referred to by other names such as Thunderwood and Swamp Sumac.

This species is predominantly found in the coastal plains of North Carolina, with rare sightings in the piedmont and mountainous regions of the state. Its native range extends across eastern Canada and the eastern-central and eastern parts of the United States.

The genus name, Toxicodendron, derives from Greek, combining "toxikos," meaning "poison," and "dendron," meaning "tree." The species name, vernix, comes from Latin and translates to "varnish."

Poison Sumac typically thrives in bogs, marshes, swamps, and thickets along riverbanks, favoring acidic soils and areas with full to partial sunlight.

The leaves of Poison Sumac are dark green, arranged alternately, and are compound, consisting of 7 to 13 leaflets. In autumn, these leaves transform into a striking orangish-red hue. The flowers, which are greenish-yellow and have five petals, grow in hanging clusters. The ripening yellowish-white drupes attract birds and rabbits. The stems are reddish, while the bark is smooth and grayish-brown, featuring lenticels. Poison Sumac can be mistaken for a young Ash tree; however, Ash trees have alternate leaves and produce winged samaras instead of drupes.

This plant contains Urushiol, a toxic compound also found in Poison Ivy and Poison Oak. Every part of Poison Sumac is poisonous, leading to skin reactions such as redness, itching, blistering, and swelling. Inhaling smoke from burning Poison Sumac can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs, potentially resulting in fatal consequences. Urushiol is particularly concentrated in Poison Sumac, which may intensify some allergic reactions. Some experts even regard Poison Sumac as the most toxic plant in the United States. It is crucial to wear protective clothing to avoid contact with this plant and to thoroughly wash hands, clothing, and tools with soap and water after any exposure.

Key characteristics of Poison Sumac include: