• Photo of Vernonia lettermanii (Vernonia lettermaniis)

Plant Profile: Vernonia lettermanii

Names

Ironweed, Letterman's Ironweed

  • Photo of Vernonia lettermanii (Vernonia lettermaniis)

Phonetic Spelling:ver-NON-ee-ah let-ter-MAN-ee-eye

Genus:Vernonia

Species:lettermanii

Family:Asteraceae

Ironweed is a striking perennial that grows upright in clumps and is indigenous to North America, belonging to the aster family. Its robust stems can take on a reddish hue, adorned with slender green leaves that lend it a graceful look. This plant is adaptable to various soil conditions and, once established, can endure both drought and occasional flooding. In mid to late summer, its vibrant purple flowers attract butterflies and bees.

While it is relatively rare in the wild, primarily found in Arkansas and Oklahoma, Ironweed is widely available at nurseries. The 'Iron Butterfly' cultivar is particularly favored. It thrives in native and pollinator gardens, flourishing in areas with full sun to partial shade.

Vernonia lettermanii Feature Summary

Vernonia lettermanii Image Gallery

Tags

#hummingbirds
#showy flowers
#deciduous
#full sun tolerant
#drought tolerant
#perennial
#wildlife plant
#purple flowers
#mounding
#native garden
#rock gardens
#pollinator plant
#butterfly friendly
#bee friendly

Similar Plants

Vernonia lettermanii Feature Summary

Attributes
Arkansas and Oklahoma
Attracts pollinators
Perennial
Fruit
Brown to gray nutlet with a bristly brown to purple colored pappus.
Brown/Copper
Gray/Silver
Purple/Lavender
Flowers
Flowers are very tight clusters of tiny tubular purple disc flowers. Blooms mid to late summer.
Purple/Lavender
< 1 inch
Leaves
Leaves are up to 3 inches long and 1/8 inch wide and are finely textured.
1-3 inches
< 1 inch
Whole Plant Traits
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Rock Garden
Pollinator Garden
Native Garden
Border
Small groups
Naturalized Area
Butterflies
Bees
Hummingbirds

Vernonia lettermanii Attributes

Vernonia lettermanii: Country Or Region Of Origin

Arkansas and Oklahoma

Vernonia lettermanii: Wildlife Value

Attracts pollinators

Vernonia lettermanii: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Vernonia lettermanii: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Vernonia lettermanii Fruit

Vernonia lettermanii: Fruit Description

Brown to gray nutlet with a bristly brown to purple colored pappus.

Vernonia lettermanii: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Gray/Silver
grass
Purple/Lavender

Vernonia lettermanii Flowers

Vernonia lettermanii: Flower Description

Flowers are very tight clusters of tiny tubular purple disc flowers. Blooms mid to late summer.

Vernonia lettermanii: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender

Vernonia lettermanii: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Vernonia lettermanii: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Vernonia lettermanii: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Vernonia lettermanii: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Vernonia lettermanii: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Vernonia lettermanii Leaves

Vernonia lettermanii: Leaf Description

Leaves are up to 3 inches long and 1/8 inch wide and are finely textured.

Vernonia lettermanii: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Vernonia lettermanii: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Vernonia lettermanii: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Vernonia lettermanii: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Vernonia lettermanii: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Vernonia lettermanii: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Vernonia lettermanii: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Vernonia lettermanii: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Vernonia lettermanii: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Vernonia lettermanii: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Vernonia lettermanii Stem

Vernonia lettermanii: Stem Description

Green stems

Vernonia lettermanii: Stem Color

grass
Green

Vernonia lettermanii: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Vernonia lettermanii Whole Plant Traits

Vernonia lettermanii: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Vernonia lettermanii: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Vernonia lettermanii: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Vernonia lettermanii: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Vernonia lettermanii: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Vernonia lettermanii: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Vernonia lettermanii Cultural Conditions

Vernonia lettermanii: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Vernonia lettermanii: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Vernonia lettermanii: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Vernonia lettermanii: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Vernonia lettermanii: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Vernonia lettermanii: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Vernonia lettermanii: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Vernonia lettermanii Landscape

Vernonia lettermanii: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Vernonia lettermanii: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Vernonia lettermanii: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Vernonia lettermanii: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Vernonia lettermanii: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees