• Photo of Cichorium intybus (Cichorium intybuss)

Plant Profile: Cichorium intybus

Taxonomy: Cichorium intybus

Names

Belgian Endive, Chicory, Common Chicory, Radicchio

  • Photo of Cichorium intybus (Cichorium intybuss)

Phonetic Spelling:sik-KOR-ee-um IN-tye-bus

Genus:Cichorium

Species:intybus

Family:Asteraceae

Chicory, originally brought over from Europe, has adapted well and is now widespread across the country. There are both wild and cultivated forms, with the cultivated varieties including Radicchio and Belgian Endive. This plant thrives in cooler climates and struggles in hot, humid conditions. Its roots can be dried and serve as a coffee alternative. Chicory often grows abundantly in fields, pastures, and along roadsides, and in certain states, it is regarded as invasive. When cut, its deep, fleshy taproot releases a milky sap.

Cichorium intybus Feature Summary

Cichorium intybus Image Gallery

Tags

#full sun tolerant
#weed
#edible weed
#weedy
#blue flowers
#long bloom time
#edible garden

Similar Plants

Cichorium intybus is often confused with:

Cichorium intybus Feature Summary

Attributes
Leaves can be used in salads. Roots can be dried and used as a coffee substitute.
Perennial
Biennial
Fruit
oblong and 5-ribbed achene
Flowers
1-1.5 inch flower heads with numerous bright blue rays are stalkless and grow along the stem. They are open in the morning and close up by noon unless it is cloudy.
7 - 20 petals/rays
1-3 inches
Leaves
The alternate leaves are up to 8" long and 2" across, becoming smaller as they ascend the stems. They are lance-shaped and resemble dandelion leaves at the base. Each leaf narrows gradually where it is either sessile or clasps the stem. There are usually conspicuous hairs along the central vein of the lower leaf surface.
Lanceolate
Oblanceolate
Entire
Lobed
Dentate
3-6 inches
1-3 inches
Stem
Green to reddish-brown stems with the lower part having hairs
Brown/Copper
Green
Red/Burgundy
Hairy (pubescent)
Whole Plant Traits
Edible
Weed
Wildflower
Vegetable
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Landscape
Edible Garden
Butterflies
Bees

Cichorium intybus Attributes

Cichorium intybus: Country Or Region Of Origin

Europe

Cichorium intybus: Edibility

Leaves can be used in salads. Roots can be dried and used as a coffee substitute.

Cichorium intybus: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Cichorium intybus: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Cichorium intybus Fruit

Cichorium intybus: Fruit Description

oblong and 5-ribbed achene

Cichorium intybus: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Cichorium intybus Flowers

Cichorium intybus: Flower Description

1-1.5 inch flower heads with numerous bright blue rays are stalkless and grow along the stem. They are open in the morning and close up by noon unless it is cloudy.

Cichorium intybus: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Blue

Cichorium intybus: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Cichorium intybus: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Cichorium intybus: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Cichorium intybus: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Cichorium intybus: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Cichorium intybus Leaves

Cichorium intybus: Leaf Description

The alternate leaves are up to 8" long and 2" across, becoming smaller as they ascend the stems. They are lance-shaped and resemble dandelion leaves at the base. Each leaf narrows gradually where it is either sessile or clasps the stem. There are usually conspicuous hairs along the central vein of the lower leaf surface.

Cichorium intybus: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Cichorium intybus: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Cichorium intybus: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Cichorium intybus: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Cichorium intybus: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Cichorium intybus: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Cichorium intybus: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Cichorium intybus: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Cichorium intybus: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Cichorium intybus: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Cichorium intybus Stem

Cichorium intybus: Stem Description

Green to reddish-brown stems with the lower part having hairs

Cichorium intybus: Stem Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy

Cichorium intybus: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Cichorium intybus: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Cichorium intybus Whole Plant Traits

Cichorium intybus: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Cichorium intybus: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Cichorium intybus: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Cichorium intybus: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Cichorium intybus: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Cichorium intybus: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Cichorium intybus Cultural Conditions

Cichorium intybus: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Cichorium intybus: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Cichorium intybus: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Cichorium intybus Landscape

Cichorium intybus: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Cichorium intybus: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Cichorium intybus: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Cichorium intybus: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy